Epiderma Skin Cancer

     Distinguishing melanoma may seem hard to do, but is not so once a person is informed on what they should be looking for. They may appear similar to moles, and may be blue or black in color. Though they will usually lack the symmetry and border regularity of a common mole, and may have variance in their coloring. Melanomas can either appear suddenly, or develop slowly near a preexisting mole. In rare cases, melanomas may form on top of previously formed moles or birthmarks, but will also come with the effects of pain, itching, or bleeding. These moles may begin to exhibit new and/or strange characteristics such as

Although there are several types of skin cancer, the most aggressive form is melanoma. This cancer of the skin involves mass replication of the pigment producing melanocyte cells, which are located in the epidermis, below the basal layer. There are several factors involved with the onset of melanoma including, exposure to ultraviolet rays, genetic predisposition, numerous nevi (moles), immunosuppression, and environmental exposure to carcinogens.

Melanoma is the most dangerous type of skin cancer. It develops when unrepaired DNA damage to your skin cells trigger genetic defects that lead you skin cells to multiply at a fast pace and form tumors. Melanoma can often resemble moles and some can come from previous moles. These melanoma moles can range in color from pink, red, brown, purple, white, blue and skin-colored, but more mostly seen as black or brown. It’s said that consumers who use indoor ultraviolent tanning devices are seven-four percent more likely to develop melanoma compared to someone who has never used a tanning bed before. Melanoma is usually caused from intense and over exposure to UV radiation. It has be estimated to kill around 10,000 individuals in the U.S. each year. The lifetime risk of melanoma is 1.5 times higher in males than in females. Melanoma is curable, if it is recognized early and

Nevertheless, if basal cell carcinoma is allowed to progress, the clinical course of the condition can result in significant cosmetic disfigurement. Basal cell carcinoma only metastisizes in less than 0.1% of cases Reference, although the risk is low, the most common metastatic sites are the lymph nodes, lungs and bones. Basal cell tumours tend to develop slowly and may be locally destructive to surrounding tissue. Those with basal cell carcinoma have a 35% probability of developing an additional tumour within 3 years, therefore regular appointments with dermatologists are recommended. Reference. Despite an almost 100% survival rate, early detection and treatment may prevent disfigurement.

Basal cell carcinoma is the least malignant and most common type of skin cancer that accounts nearly 80% of its cases (Marieb & Hoehn, 2007). This type of cancer begins in the basal cell layer of the skin invading the dermis and hypodermis. The cancer lesion occurs due to the exposure of the sun and occurs in the human body such as the face. Our face is the most common place to find this type of skin cancer. When developed it appears as a shiny, dome-shaped nodules that later develops a central ulcer with a pearly, beaded edge (Marieb & Hoehn, 2007). Majority of the people who develop this kind of cancer are people with fair light skin, such as Caucasians. Luckily Basal Cell cancer is slow growing and metastasis seldom occurs before it is noticed.

Choice “A” is the best answer. The lesion depicted is a melanoma. Classic warning signs and symptoms for a melanoma include any cutaneous lesion that changes color, size, or shape. Advanced lesions frequently become friable, tender, painful, crusted, or ulcerated.

There are three main types of skin cancer; Basal cell carcinomas, Squamous cell carcinomas, and Melanomas. Basal cell carcinomas is important to know about because it is the most common type of skin cancer. Basal cell carcinoma is abnormal, uncontrolled growths that arise in the skin’s basal cells, which line the deepest layer of the epidermis (“Skin Cancer Foundation1”). This type of skin cancer rarely grows from the location of the tumor. There are some very rare cases where it may spread, but it is very unlikely. The second most common form of skin cancer is Squamous cell carcinoma. Squamous cell carcinoma is an uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells arising in the squamous cells, which compose most of the skin’s upper layers (“Skin Cancer Foundation Squamous Cell Carcinoma1”). Squamous cell carcinoma normally occurs where the sun is most exposed such as the head, neck, back of hand, and ear, but can occur anywhere on the body. It is not common that this type of cancer will spread or grow bigger, but it is more likely to spread or grow than basal cell carcinoma. The third and most aggressive type of skin cancer is Melanoma. The more aggressive the cancer is, the more dangerous and life-threatening it will be. Melanoma looks like a flat mole and can even make a new mole on your skin. Stage 0 of melanoma

C. Melanoma Skin Cancer is the most dangerous form of skin cancer, it kills one person per hour, these cancerous growths are most often caused by ultraviolet radiation from sunshine or tanning beds. These tumors originate in the pigment-producing melanocytes in the basal layer of the epidermis. Melanoma is caused mainly by intense, occasional UV exposure (frequently leading to sunburn), especially in those who are genetically predisposed to the disease. Often the first sign of melanoma is a change in the size, shape, color or feel of a mole.

Basal Cell Carcinoma is an abnormal, uncontrolled growth or lesion that happens in the skin’s basal cells. It lines the epidermis. It can grow on skin that gets the most sun exposure leading it to often look like an open sore, a red patch almost like a rash, shiny bumps, or even scars. Basal Cell Carcinoma is the least risky type of skin cancer, and is easily treated when caught earlier on. The treatment types can be surgery (Curettage and electrodesiccation, Excision, and Mohs surgery which has the best cure rate for BCC out of the three surgery options), topical chemotherapy, radiation therapy, Cryotherapy, or targeted therapy when can shrink and slow the growth. It is unlikely to spread from your skin to any other part of your body, but there does run a risk

According to the given studies and examination records, the diagnosis for this patient will be melanoma, which is a type of skin cancer. Of all the variants of skin cancer, melanoma is the most diagnosed with a survival rate of approximately 92% (“Melanoma: Statistics,” 2016). Melanoma is typically diagnosed after a patient develops a mole that becomes irregular or asymmetrical. After the primary diagnosis the patient is then sent for a biopsy which will then determine if the patient will receive treatment or not. There are many risk factors for melanoma, including ultraviolet (UV) radiation. UV rays can damage the DNA in skin cells. This damage affects certain genes that control how the skin cells grow and divide. If these genes no longer work properly, the affected cells may become cancerous (“What Causes Melanoma Skin Cancer?,”n.d.)

Skin cancer, the most common type of cancer in humans, has over three million cases every year in non melanoma cancer and over 200,000 cases in melanoma cancer. The main cause for this cancer is the over exposure to ultra violet radiation from the sun or artificial radiation from synthetic means such as tanning beds. This causes an abnormal growth in cells and different traits than those in healthy cells. These abnormal growth of cells is also caused by the mutations that occur in the genes of the cell, and the mutations can be acquired or germline. Cancer cells can cause malfunctions in the body by spreading throughout the body through blood streams or lymph vessels. The cancer can spread to other parts of the body and form secondary tumors through a process known as metastasis, which occurs more in malignant melanoma. The delicate balance in the body is disrupted and the consequences are life threatening. But skin cancer can be avoided if taking precautions such as applying sunscreen and staying away from synthetic radiation. When one gets skin cancer, there are options for treatment on the cancer depending how severe it is and how long it has been there. Chemotherapy or Radiation therapy are two examples of treatment. Skin cancer can be eradicated if treated in a certain amount of time but unfortunately, skin cancer can’t always be eliminated and that is why it is important to take necessary precautions.

All clinical care providers should play a very important role in making the patient’s aware on how to know any abnormal or suspicious growths, they should let the patients know protective measures for skin care, and the bad effect that excessive sun exposure can cause to the skin (Bickley, 2013). In the USA, skin cancers affect roughly one in every five Americans and are the most common cancers (Bickley, 2013). In doing the physical examination of the skin, the clinical care provider should begin with a complete examination of the whole body. Beginning with close inspection and palpation of the hair, anterior and posterior body surfaces, palms, soles, and the web spaces between the fingers and toes (Bickley et al., 2013). During the time

Central to the diagnoses of skin cancer is a full history and careful examination. Lesions that carry features suggesting malignant melanoma should be removed promptly. The deeper the lesion, the higher the risk for local and distant spread. Superficial spreading and nodular melanoma is the most common form of melanoma to the Caucasian population. It appears as a flat brown or black (dark) patch with a border that is irregular. Nodular formation signposts a vertical invasion and it is associated with a worse prognosis. It’s typical for nodular melanomas to bleed or ulcerate. Lentigo malignant is a premalignant lesion that is most common among older individuals and usually forms in the face. It looks like an irregular, flat brown lesion with

There are three main types of skin cancer: basal cell carcinoma (BCC), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and melanoma. CM is the rarest kind, but is also in the most dangerous form, occurring 91.2% of all melanoma. The occurrence of CM has been increasing over the past few decades, affecting not just adults but also in children and adolescents, with average age in the seventh decade6. It is ethnicity-dependent, with highest chance in Caucasian population, but other groups can also be affected7. Men usually develop melanoma on the trunk, whereas women on the extremities, but more men are affected (46,870 men and 29,510 women), according to an estimation by The Skin Cancer Foundation in 20168. People who live in areas with more intense sun exposure can also have higher risk. Besides direct UV exposure, those who have personal or family history of skin cancer or any atypical nevi are also at higher risk.

AK severs as a marker for an increase in nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC), even in the absence of any specific lesion progression.The risk for progression of AK to invasive SCC with the potential for metastasis provides the rationale for treatment(2) (Ibrahim and Brown, 2009). Early diagnosis should be done for treatment of patients with skin cancer. Anticancer drugs administered orally or by the intravenous route are associated with serious side effects when given systemically. Topical dosage forms deliver most of the drug locally with fewer side effects compared with other routes of administration.