Epidural Hematoma Case Study

Subdural Hematoma occurs when blood vessels, usually veins, rupture between the brain and outermost of the three membrane layers that protect your brain. The leaking blood forms a Hematoma. If the Hematoma keep enlarging, it will result in a decline in consciousness, possibly resulting in death. The three types of Subdural Hematoma are: Acute which happens to be the most dangerous of all three, Usually caused by a severe head injury. Subacute, signs and symptoms develop at a slower

Epidural Hematoma is epidural hemorrhage. Which is a type of TBI (traumatic brain injury) which is where a buildup of blood occurs in between the the outer membrane of the brain (dura mater) and the skull. Most cause of Hematoma are fracture to the skull, bumps, passing clots, and clots in the legs, and excessive alcohol use. Symptoms of Epidural Hematoma are very easy to notice they include headaches, confusion, seizures, back pains, loss of bladder control, discoloration, nail loss, and pain in nail bed. Treatment of a the issue is a craniotomy which

According to Emedicine, acute subdural hematomas have been reported to occur in 5-25% of patients with severe head injuries, depending on the study. Subdural hematomas are more common in men than in women, with a male-to-female ratio of approximately 3:1. Two age groups are most at risk of developing chronic subdural hematoma: the young and the elderly. Advanced age and chronic alcoholism are common antecedents, presumably because of brain atrophy, which causes stretching of bridging veins and, thus, predisposes to tearing. The atrophic brain also permits the asymptomatic accumulation of the nascent collection. The mechanism of hematoma growth in infants and toddlers may relate to the striking neovascular response of its outer

Patient is a 26-year-old right-handed white female who presents with her husband for followup after a vertebral dissection and stroke. This is an individual who has a long history of migraines. They went away during her pregnancy. Her child is six months old. After pregnancy, they started to recur again. She had a migraine on August 1, 2015 that was very severe and included intractable nausea and vomiting. For this she went to Wentworth Douglass Hospital Express care, where she was treated with medication for the symptoms. She went home, but later that night noted that the symptoms worsened, and she started having some visual field problem. At the time, she was lying on the sofa

Further, moving into disability step, AVPU (Alert, Voice, Pain and Unresponsive) was used to assess his level of consciousness (Jevon 2008). He was alert but appeared confused and complained of a severe headache describes as “being hit on the back of the head with a hammer” with a pain score of 10/10. A severe headache is common problem presenting with Mr Devi’s condition after stroke due to increased intracranial pressure resulting from trauma with oedema or haemorrhage (Gould and Dyer 2011).

The patient was transferred from Advocate Trinity hospital where she was brought to the emergency department from a nursing home. Where she was residing since 01/2015 after suffering a stroke. The nursing home staff observe that the patient had a change in level of consciousness and they called 911. Upon arrival to the Trinity hospital a CT of the head was ordered and it revealed a defused intracranial hemorrhage. The Trinity hospital neurologist decided that it would be in patients’ best interest to be transferred to Christ hospital where the technology is better. Therefore, on admission the patient had another CT done which conform a low-pressure bleeding in the right frontal lobe which had ruptured into the right lateral ventricle. The patient was put on a mechanical ventilator and was unresponsive. A neurological assessments reviled limited movement, the left upper and lower extremity moved to pain. The right lower extremity was withdrawing to pain and sensation and the right upper extremities had move spontaneous movement. The pupil had a brisk response to light and the right and left pupil size was 3mm. The patient had present corneas reflexes left and right eye, and had a present cough. The last vital signs noted were: Temperature 36.9  C, HR 80, RR 15, MAP 80 making patient stable at the time. However, patient prognosis of regaining function was slight due to the size of the hematoma and diffuse impact on the brain tissue. The objective data was not obtained due to the patient being

Subdural hematoma is a situation in which brain blood vessels and outermost membrane rupture. Blood leaks because of this, which causes compression of brain tissues. Chronic subdural hematoma may follow mild traumatic brain injury. Any minor or major injury to the brain can have shattering consequences for the patient. The Subdural hematoma may be caused by head injury or by a procedure like a lumbar puncture. This can be identified by the location and size of the injury, time spent after injury. The medical and neurological condition of the patient determine the treatment and can influence the results (Kim & Sim, 2015).

UB’s hemorrhage in the anterior frontal lobe indicates that he will likely express attention deficits. It is hypothesized that UB will experience deficits in alertness due to the damage in the brain stem.

Peter began to suffer from complex partial seizures at the age of eight. His seizures were severe, despite taking medication he still felt pain. At the age of 20, after struggling with the condition for over 12 years, he and doctors agreed for him to undergo a commissurotomy. The commissurotomy involved a surgical incision in Peter’s corpus callosum. If any damages were done during the surgery that would have resulted in impaired communication between the two sides of the brain. It had served as a treatment for epilepsy. The surgery, was a success and it ended up attenuating the magnitude of his seizures.The negative affect was now he is unable to respond to verbal commands regarding the left side of his body. For example if someone told him

Subdural hematoma can also be caused by trauma without head injury. In motor vehicle accidents or falls the brain can impact the skull without the head ever receiving a direct blow. This is a more common mode of injury than a direct trauma to the

Nowadays, the number of Cranio-cerebral penetrating injuries (CPI) is exponentially increasing. In addition, a massive incidence of CPI is observed in the developing countries affected by civil armed conflicts. Furthermore, even though the incidence of penetrating brain injuries is far less prevalent than closed head trauma, however CPI shows a worst prognosis. In fact, the survival rate of penetrating head injuries is reported to range from 7 to 15%. In addition, most of the victims (90%) die at the site of injury or in the ambulance and about 50% of those who reach the hospital dies in the emergency room (Alvis-Miranda et al., 2015). Such statistics are revealing the harsh reality of CPI. This report analyse the modern ballistic, the current protocols used in treating CPI and the complications that might arise.

Symptoms of an intracerebral hemorrhage normally begin with sudden headache, often during increased amounts of activity. Loss of consciousness is also a common symptom, often within a few minutes or even seconds. Nausea, vomiting, delirium, and focal or generalized seizures are also common. Neurologic deterioration is usually sudden and progressive. Large hemorrhages, when located in the hemispheres, cause hemiparesis, which is the weakening of an entire side of the body; when located in the posterior fossa of the brain, they cause cerebellar or brain stem deficits such as pinpoint pupils, stertorous breathing, conjugate eye deviation or ophthalmoplegia, and even a coma. Large hemorrhages have proven to be fatal within only a few days in the

In the case of an extradural hemorrhage the course of treatment may be a burr hole, to relieve the build up of intracranial pressure. This would show up on a CT scan between the dura and skull. There would be a delineated line of

So what is an Intracerebral Hemorrhage? According to http://www.healthline.com/health/lobar-intracerebral-hemorrhage, Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is when blood suddenly bursts into brain tissue, causing damage to the brain. Symptoms usually appear suddenly during ICH. They include headache, weakness, confusion, and paralysis, particularly on one side of

Subdural hematoma usually occurs after an injury to the head resulting from a fall or from an accident.