Epilepsy Monitoring Case Analysis

Imagine walking down the hallway at a brand new school on your first day. You just moved to town and you are hoping to make some new friends. All of your class have been great so far and you think that this might be the best school year yet; until, you have a seizure.You have suffered from them since you were eight years old and you have always found them embarrassing and uncomfortable. How would you feel if your new friends pointed and stared while this happened? Unfortunately, this is a reality for the near 600 million people worldwide who suffer from epilepsy. Epilepsy is an incurable condition of the brain that has been affecting people’s lives for centuries.

Epilepsy is a brain disorder in which individuals have recurrent seizures. Seizures can occur in children and adults of any age. There are around 50 million people in the world who has the disorder. Individuals in developing countries are at a higher risk for developing the disorder. Seizures occur due to hyper-excitability and hyper-synchronization of neurons. Action potential transmits messages and it leads to depolarization. When neurons are uncontrollably depolarizes because of hyper-excitability due to too little inhibition, it cause a seizure. Seizures can last from a few seconds to a few minutes. As spontaneously they can develop is also as fast and spontaneous they can end.

Seizure disorders, according to the Mayo Clinic (2015), affect approximately 1 in 26 people in the United States. Persistent, or chronic, seizures result from a condition called epilepsy, a neurological disorder of the central nervous system. It can affect anyone regardless of age, but is more common during early childhood and after age 60. Given the number of people that seizure disorders, such as epilepsy, affect, it becomes helpful to gain a foundational understanding of the disease, including some of the causes, symptoms, and treatments available.

On May 9th, 2014, I had an unexpected seizure in the middle of the night. At the time my parents were asleep, and they were awoken in a state of shock. Seizures are really scary because they are unexpected. As a matter of fact, the people who go through them are totally unaware of their surroundings and are left vulnerable to the dangers around them. Because of this drastic event, I had to go through many time-consuming tests, one of which was the EEG, which took one whole day and night at the hospital. An EEG is a very complex, expensive and time-consuming system, also it is uncomfortable for patients, especially for young children.

Epilepsy affects about 65 million people around the world. In average, the incidence of epilepsy is about 150,000 people every year in the United Stated (Schachter, Shafer, and Sirven, 2013). It is a neurological disease of the brain marked by recurrent unprovoked seizures. Likewise, the recurrent unprovoked seizures are temporary disturbances of the brain function due to abnormal, excessive electrical activity in the brain (“Fact,” n.d.). Seizures may vary from person to person, thus, they are sub-classified into different types of seizures. They reoccur at unexpected times, so this has led to several different innovations to aid people with seizures to alert and to prevent the risks of seizures. In this paper, the information and importance

The topic to be researched is epilepsy. Epilepsy is a serious neurological disorder where the brain is prone to seizures. Seizures are caused by neurones in the brain receiving too much electrical activity. Recurring seizures are the only visible symptom of epilepsy. Epilepsy has 2 main types of seizures – generalised and partial. The type of seizure will depend on the brain area affected. Epilepsy is most commonly diagnosed during childhood – under the age of 15, and also during later stages of life – over the age of 65. Genetics can also play a part in some types of epilepsy, such as Lafora Progressive Myoclonic Epilepsy and Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy. As epilepsy is a disorder of the central nervous system it can affect the body in different

People uneducated about Epilepsy may have confused thoughts on what it really is. People have these "notions," which are partly or entirely not true. So, throughout this research paper, these notions will be proven untrue, mostly by factual information given by

Epilepsy is a growing disorder in the world. Many people tend to be unaware they have epilepsy due to no diagnosis or believing their seizures are something simple. The epilepsy community of Texas is in great need due to the increasing costs of medication and medical service, lack of programs for diagnosed children and insignificant increase in education concerning epilepsy. The Epilepsy Foundation of Texas (EFTX) and Epilepsy Foundation of Central and South Texas (EFCST) were established in order to help patients with these types of problems. These two affiliates of the national Epilepsy Foundation serve the entire state of Texas. Both organizations have the same mission: the Epilepsy Foundation leads the fight to stop seizures, find a cure and overcome the challenges created by epilepsy.

The two types are generalized epilepsy and focal epilepsy, which are then divided into subtypes. Generalized epilepsy originates in all parts of the brain and therefore the surgery that helped Shane would not be helpful. Focal epilepsy, on the other hand, originates in one specific region of the brain and can be treated with surgery. Treatment depends on the patient's medical history, age gender, weight, and what type of seizure they are experiencing. Since there are many people who do not respond to medications, many has seeked help in order direction. For example, a girl from Colorado that suffers from Dravet Syndrome has cannabidiol, a non psychoactive component of marijuana, to treat her symptoms and saw favorable results. In addition, British drug company got the approval from U.S FDA to test a new drug called Epidiolex. It turns out that 42% of the 225 patients saw a reduction of seizures. Another option has been the NueroPace’s RNS System, which was approved by FDA in 2013. This device is a neurostimulator implanted under the skull and detect unusual electrical activity. Once unusual electrical activity has been detected, the device helps stop or prevent the seizure. In addition, researchers continue to work hard to come up with new medication and devices that will help treat

According to Lewis, Dirksen, Heitkemper and Bucher, in the United States, it is estimated that more than 3 million people have active epilepsy, with 200,000 new cases diagnosed each year (2014, p. 1419). This is why it is an important disease to understand. According to Lewis et

The definition of epilepsy requires the occurrence of at least one epileptic seizure” (Engel 2013).

Sixty-five million people around the world have epilepsy, three million of those alone are in the United States. (Joseph I. Sirven MD and Patricia O. Shafer RN, 2014) What is epilepsy? According to the U.S. National Library of Medicine, epilepsy is a disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of paroxysmal brain dysfunction due to a sudden, disorderly, and excessive neuronal discharge. The classification system for epilepsy is usually based upon: (1) clinical features of the seizure episodes, (2) etiology, (3) anatomic site of seizure origin, (4) tendency to spread to other structures in the brain, and (5) temporal patterns.

This disorder dates back to the birth of human civilization. Magiorkinis (2013) explains the disorder can be dated back to the almost 2,000 B.C it as detected in ancient scriptures (p.1.) During the 18th century, science was associated with religion. Since the physical product of Epilepsy is seizures it was related to possessions and devilish works (p.1.) It was not until the 19th century that Epilepsy was recognized as a disorder after experimentation with organs and free from religion superstition. The disorder was simply seizures until 1783, when it was classified into different types based on the studies of William Culen and Samuel Tissot (p.1.) Even though the disorder was discovered, the origin of these seizures was still unknown which

This section provides details of the clinical epilepsy database, feature extraction, feature normalization, feature selection, feature ranking, and classification of different epilepsy states using EEG and ECoG signals. For instanse, a general block diagram of the proposed approach for recognition of healthy versus ictal is shown in Figure 1. This figure includes data, pre-processing, feature extraction, feature normalization, feature selection by GA, feature ranking by statistical analysis, and classification by LS-SVM with Gauusian and polynomial RBF kernels. In the following, these steps are described in detail.

Epilepsy is a condition in which a person has two or more seizures affecting a variety of mental and physical functions. Epilepsy is one of the oldest conditions of the human race. Epilepsy Awareness is important because Epilepsy is a widely misunderstood disorder. The reason that Epilepsy has been misunderstood has been mainly due to research not being conducted until the middle of the nineteenth century. There are six main types of seizures and many treatments that can assist an epileptic patient. Many facts and myths exist about a person who has Epilepsy, which, is why it is an important disorder to understand. A person living with Epilepsy can typically have a normal life after seeking medical advice from doctors.