Erb 's Palsy : A Form Of Brachial Plexus Palsy

Cerebral palsy refers to a group of chronic disorders that involve degrees of brain damage that affect body control and movement. The term cerebral refers to the brain, while palsy describes a disorder that impairs the control of body movement. These disorders are not the result of muscles or nerves problems. Instead, they are due to impaired motor areas in the brain that disrupt its ability to control movement and posture. The condition typically appears within the first few years of life and it is not marked by regression. (Mecham, 1986)

The human body is made up of many organ systems that consist of organs and tissues of different anatomies and diverse nomenclature. These organs systems, organs and tissues are prone to thousands of diseases, and one of these diseases is cerebral palsy, which is a disease of the nervous system in simple terms. Research relating to cerebral palsy is carried out, whereby the disorder is described, along with its history, and how it affects the nervous system and the brain. The anatomy of the body systems involves with regard to this disorder, the effects of the disorder on these body systems and other body systems are also researched and discussed. Furthermore, the research focuses on the causes of cerebral palsy, its complications, signs, and symptoms, and the diagnosis of the disorder, along with its treatment and side effects of the treatment. A recap of the research focusing on prevention strategies, the anatomy and physiology of cerebral palsy and the nervous system is presented.

Movement of the deltoid begins in the cerebrum of the brain, but more specifically: in the frontal lobe, the premotor cortex is relaying instructions to the primary motor cortex. The primary motor cortex contains the upper motor neurons whose axons will travel down the pyramids of the medulla oblongata and synapse on lower motor neurons in the anterior gray horns of spinal cord segments C5-C6. From there, the ventral rami of spinal nerves C5-C6 form the superior trunk of the brachial plexus, which splits into two divisions. We will follow the posterior division that supplies to extensor muscles. This posterior division then runs into the posterior cord from which the axillary nerve is derived. The axillary nerve’s motor end innervates the deltoid through its neuromuscular junction.

She still had some loss in her sensory neurons, but they showed some slight improvement from the initial evaluation. A follow-up MRI also showed a “…decrease in the brachial plexus thickening and hyperintensity.” (Gazioglu) The patient in this case study experienced rare symptoms. Patients who are usually diagnosed with brachial neuritis have severe pain in the shoulder and some even have localized pain. Only a small number of patients have pain that subsides to the fingers of the affected side. This case study supports the signs and symptoms along with the treatment that our team doctor prescribed.

Biceps Brachii - It's attachments are the coracoid process, supraglenoid tuberosity, and radial tuberosity. When it contracts it causes flexion and supination. It's located close to the endangerment site the antecubital. This area is known for housing chronic pain.

Together, the two sides extend neck; alone, each rotates and laterally flexes neck to that side

Once inside the elbow the unlar nerveis recognized, lifted out, and moved to provide greater access to the joint. This is the "funny bone" nerve and it runs inside the ulnar groove.

Cubital tunnel syndrome is a condition that affects the ulnar nerve in the arm. The ulnar nerve runs along the medial portion of the arm, behind the medial epicondyle of the humerus, and down into the hand where it innervates the fifth digit and the medial half of the fourth digit, as well as controlling most of the little muscles for fine movement in the hand and larger muscles in the forearm used for grip strength (The American Center for Spine and Neurosurgery [ACSN], 2015). The ulnar nerve can become compressed in several locations as it travels down the arm from the neck, such as beneath the collarbone, at the elbow, or at the wrist. When this compression occurs at the elbow, is referred to as cubital tunnel syndrome. The ulnar nerve at the elbow is commonly referred to as your “funny bone”, but those who have had the pleasure of hitting it know that it is not funny.

It also allows for the front part of the tongue to sense taste and the eyes to open and close. This nerve is located in the Fallopian canal of the skull, inferior to the ear and bilaterally connected to the muscles of the face. (PEDIACTRICS Vol. 112 No. 2, 2003). It is thought that with the incidence of Lyme disease, the inflammation correlated with the disease is the cause of Bell’s palsy because of the pressure it puts on this nerve.

The axillary nerve connects the main shoulder muscle (deltoid) to an arm bone (humerus) and three arm muscles (teres minor, teres major, triceps). The humerus and these four muscles muscles form a space in the back of the shoulder. This space is where the axillary nerve is located.

Electrodiagnostic consultation report dated 10/02/15 revealed normal study of both upper limbs and cervical paraspinals. No evidence of cervical radiculopathy. No median or ulnar neuropathy.

As you posted the question regarding Illinois, more direct access, and the potential payers lack of recognition of PT’s as the practitioners of choice, I thought about our current practice challenges. Florida has direct access to physical therapists; however, we are still having battles with the commercial insurances not because they don’t recognize us as “the providers” but because they are in the business of denying services. We recently had an infant with a differential diagnosis of Spastic Cerebral Palsy and his insurance company approved a total of two (2) PT treatments. We appealed the case by requesting a peer review and the “peer” assigned to the case, was not a physical therapist; she was a speech language pathologist that

movement problems. The most common type of Cerebral Palsy is spastic, which is caused by

Cerebral Palsy (CP) is brain damage. It cannot be cured, it is not contagious, it is not a disease, and it does not get worse. According to Funk & Wagnalls New World Encyclopedia, "Cerebral Palsy is a broad term for various nonprogressive disorders of motor function in people, resulting from brain damage around the time of birth. Damage to the brain could occur before, during, or shortly after birth"(“Cerebral”). Since the damage is done during the brain’s formation, and occurs in the part of the brain that controls motor and muscle functions, people with CP might have problems with motor skills, muscle tone, muscle weakness, reflexes, balance, excessive drooling, difficulties swallowing or speaking, shaking, tremors, and

After seeing how close to the humerus the radial nerve ran, it was easy to understand how mid shaft injuries can lead to radial nerve damage. Not only this, but although we had learnt about the passing of Flexor Digitorum Profundus through Flexor Digitorum Superficialis, it was amazing to see it in real life, it was actually one of the highlights of this dissection for me.