Ergogenic Aid Research Paper

From time to time, we hear news stories about a young woman who is vying to be considered as a player on a team that is traditionally considered a man’s sport. This has occurred several times in the world of high school football and there are likely countless other cases in a variety of sports. The question always arises, should women be considered equal to men in the world of sports?

Gender inequality in professional tennis is a real and alarming issue, from the pay gap between mens' and womens' tennis players to the low media coverage of women's professional tennis. This issue even goes as far as how differently tennis commentators discuss and analyze mens tennis as opposed to how they discuss and analyze womens tennis. When commentators discuss men's tennis they solely focus on the skill of the players, but when they discuss women's tennis they place more importance on the appearance of the female players, rather than their skill. This instance of gender inequality in professional tennis is further exacerbated by the differences in advertisements for male tennis players and female tennis players. The advertisements involving male tennis players display their athleticism and tennis abilities, whereas the advertisements including female tennis players are appearance-focused, with the females often wearing little clothing. This is corroborated by the popular belief that focusing on the physical appearance of female athletes is the only way in which generating money from women's professional sports is distinctly possible (Fink, 2015, p. 338). Female professional tennis players train just as hard as the men do, thus the gender inequality that exists in the sport is not necessarily a result of how women perform on the court. It is rather a result of how society perceives women playing in professional sports overall, which the mass media is partially to blame

For example, according to Cassandra Meuret, author of “Co-ed Sports is Something That Should Not Be Considered” states “Imagine football being mixed with both men and women. A 250-pound linebacker charging at a 150-pound woman doesn’t exactly seem like the safest scenario.” (Meuret 1). Another example is strength. Stated in the article “Should sports be co-ed?” “strength is another big factor. The world’s strongest woman, who bench pressed 531 lbs, does not compare to the world’s strongest man, who bench pressed 1,008 lbs.” (S 1). We should not integrate men and women into the same team because with this difference in strength being as drastic as it is, that is not fair to the male or the female in the situation. Say the sport that is co-ed is football, someone who can press almost double as another person, is to tackle the smaller one, that could lead to a harmful injury. Strength and muscle capacity may be important to the difference in men and women, but height is another fatal factor. The article “Should sports be co-ed” provides another example of “NBA basketball player at 6’6.98” (2007-08 Player Survey: Height), which is well above the average height of a WNBA basketball player at 5’11.84” (2002-03 WNBA Player Survey Averages), the women would be at a disadvantage.”( S 2) With almost a foot difference, the male could reach the net a lot easier than the woman could. With this height difference, this causes the male to have naturally longer legs, with a longer stride. “The world record holder for the men’s 400m dash time is 43.18 seconds, which is 4.42 seconds faster than the world record holder for the women’s world record at 47.60 seconds (400 Metres).” (S 3). Say the world's fastest man, and the world's fastest women competed in a race. The male would win because of the difference in leg strength and

Next, male-to-female athletes have an unfair advantage when it comes to having a generally bigger skeletal frame. It is commonly known that men in general are designed to be stronger than women. This is largely due to their bigger bone structure and larger muscle mass. These two anatomical forces when energetically combined become powerful forces of speed, strength, and endurance which are all characteristics of a great athlete. Many transgender individuals choose to undergo hormone therapy to help change their appearance into looking more feminine or masculine. However, in the case of transgender athletes who desire to compete in the Olympics, the IOC has required male-to-female athletes to undergo two years of hormone treatment in

In “Sex differences in Human Behavior”, Melissa Hines argues that the terms “sex difference” and “gender difference” can be used interchangeably. That it is impossible to categorize “sex differences” as biological, and “gender differences” as sociological. Sex is typically associated with biology while gender is associated with sociology. Through basic principles of sociology, it is clear that women are alienated with the excuse that Biology is the best possible determinant for defining a female hyperandrogenism athlete. In a New York Times article, Rebecca Jordan-Young and Katrina Karkazis argue that “Scientifically, there is no clear or objective way to draw a bright line between male and female.Testosterone is one of the most slippery markers that sports authorities have come up with yet…Testosterone is not the master molecule of athleticism. One glaring clue is that women whose tissues do not respond to testosterone at all are actually overrepresented among elite athletes” (Young & Karkazis). Basically, it is believed that women with abnormally high testosterone levels should not be allowed to compete because it would not be fair to the rest of the female

Serena Williams is the number one women’s tennis player in the world. Her outstanding skills have earned her 50 million dollars through just prizes; that is more than any other athlete in the world (“Serena Williams Fast Facts”). Her fast reflexes, amazing skills, and outgoing personality have made her known as a powerful woman and an inspiration to many young girls. This African-American woman is almost six feet tall and is made of steel. With her long, muscular legs and her quick arms, no wonder she is number one!

I strongly believe that a disease caused the accusations. I believe this because it is the only scenario out of the four that made sense to me. In the scenario, it said that a fungus called Ergot was somehow consumed and caused a disease. The symptoms that were experienced were pinching, biting, burning, seizures, and hallucinations. All of the symptoms the girls felt were all symptoms of Ergot. The girls all saw witches and nobody else did which means they were hallucinating because of the Ergot. Finally, Ergot grows in damp and marshy-like environments and Salem happens to lie near marshes and swamps. Therefore, I think that Ergot caused the girl's’ accusations.

In the end, both King and Riggs had won. King and women’s tennis had made “money from [Riggs],” and Riggs had made money from the match. Nonetheless, the outcome of this match did not ultimately change tennis. Though the match brought awareness to the disparities between men’s and women’s tennis, little was truly done to change the situation. It took 28 years for a grand slam, excluding the US Open, to regularly award equal prize money to both men and women, and still more time for the rest to follow in suit. While tennis is progressive in comparison to other sports in its implementation of equal prize money to both genders, disparities still exist. Men and women still do not receive the same pay for playing. It can be argued that Serena Williams, the number one ranked women’s player, is currently one of the most famous tennis players, yet she receives a little over half the pay of the number one ranked men’s player. Despite this, female athletes have not given up on the fight for equality. The recent awareness brought to wage discrimination in sports through the US women’s soccer team has allowed for discussions surrounding the disparities between women’s and men’s

Women’s equality is an issue that has been around for awhile. While women have been given many rights to increase equality, including the right to vote and go to college, the problem hasn’t completely vanished. One area that still sees this is in sports. Women’s sports do not draw nearly as many fans and are not covered in the media as much as men’s sports, pay differences between male and female athletes are large, and female athletes have to wait longer to start their professional career than men, which risks their professional career before it even starts.

There is also a perceived flaw with this issue in the world of sports. For example, there is a clear double-standard in gymnastics, as the men?s equipment is constructed for heavy, muscular men; where as the women?s equipment is suitable only for ?pubescent girls? who will one day grow out of the their competitive eligibility. Once again, we see the strong man glorified and the woman, of similar age, as obsolete with other tasks to perform. Similar injustices can be found in other sports as well, such as some of the ball handling rules in women?s basketball, which serve to slow down the flow and intensity of what should be a high-speed and exciting game.

When it comes to physical activity women are seen as inferior to men. They lack the muscular physique and the lung capacity that men are naturally born with. Unfortunately, when a woman excels in sports it is assumed that she has cheated and is questioned about her performance. In Genel’s article, throughout the process of gender testing, a group of women were found to be genetically male. These women have what is called Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome (AIS). Their outer appearance is that of a woman, but genetically they are made up of 46 XY chromosomes, which marks them genetically as males. These female athletes are “born with relatively rare genetic abnormalities that affect development of the gonads”. they are naturally resistant to the strength-promoting qualities of testosterone. When Skyes suggests that each athlete is unique and their circumstances need to be taken into consideration, this is one of those many circumstances.

Venus Williams, a professional Tennis player, is different compared to other athletes. Her success in establishing an equal pay for what is deserved in sports is inspiring in the desire to increase a woman’s average wage in the occupational world. Before 2007, female champion tennis players would receive a smaller prize compared to men due to having less physical attributes. Williams spoke on behalf of women saying that this degrades the female gender and diminishes the hard work put into their performances. Williams’ efforts have paid off and help contribute to the fight of ending the gender pay gap entirely. Women should be paid the same amount as men, especially in the corporate world along with having access to equal health benefits and

When women decide to participate in sports traditionally for men such as bodybuilding, they risk the chance of being socially stereotyped as lesbians, or simply viewed as "less feminine" then say women figure skaters. For example, Venus Williams is seen as criticized for being very masculine in build and judged on that by her performance. The media has commented on how well she plays, and has compared her to men in her sport. She receives fewer endorsements than many other tennis players do because of her looks (but mainly due to her race).

In regards to Ergogenic help, it is the assistance given to support the vitality by competitors, for example, creatine or steroids, to upgrade their performance. Both creatine and steroids are known for being the most well known substances. Creatine is utilized as a part of the body to deliver energy, it blends with phosphate to make phosphocreatine or PC, when it brakes it produces energy that puts ADP and P back to together to create ATP, and ATP is the main sort of energy that is utilized as a part of the body. As indicated in the book, “Creatine supplementation appears to have ergo- genic benefits, particularly for improving performance in repeated, high-intensity exercise bouts between 30 and 150 s in duration” (Kenney, Wilmore, and

Statistics are defined as the science that comprehends collections of data and analysis by interpreting them to numerical data. Physiology can use statistics in many ways such as sizes of cells comparisons, the length of nerves in comparison, Analysis of Variation (ANOVA), and other statistic comparisons (Lazic). This experiment is comparing vertical jump height with muscle, and fat content between women and men.