Erickson's Theory Of Human Growth And Development

In the early 20th-century, interest in the field of child development emerged. Researchers and theorists studied the ways in which children grew, learned, and, in some instances, were shaped by societal influences (Weiland, 1993). The study of child development enables us to appreciate and understand the social, emotional, physical, educational, and cognitive growth that children go through from birth to early adulthood. Grand theories attempt to organize and arrange concepts and aspects of development using a step approach. Such as that of Erik Erikson’s theory, the Psychosocial Identity Development theory, in which he addresses the development of personal, emotional, and social progression in an individual through stages (Pretorius et al., 2015). Erikson’s model for the approach of development involves the focus of overcoming conflicts that individuals encounter over the span of their childhood that influence their ego identity, or the conscious sense of self that develops and constantly changes due to new experiences and information that is acquired through daily interactions with others and events. In Erikson’s theory, he believed that each person experienced a conflict that served as a defining moment in their development that essentially shaped who they would become later on in life; he believed that unresolved problems of adult life echoed unresolved conflicts of one’s childhood (Berger, 2011).

The second stage is Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt. This is when the child is developing its physical characteristics and begins moving around more. This stage occurs between the ages of 18 months and three years old. During this stage, the child will start to assert their independence by picking out what clothes they are going to wear or what they are going to eat, etc. As they begin to do things on their own they discover that they have skills, such as tying their shoes or putting their toys together, etc. According to Erikson, it is critical that the parents at this time allow their child to explore the world and figure out their limits with encouragement and support them when they inevitably fail. During this crucial time, the parent must not intervene too much in their child’s life and allow the child to make their own decisions

The first stage of Erikson's psychosocial stage is trust vs. mistrust, which is experienced, in the first year of life. Infants learn to trust in order to satisfy their needs thus developing a feeling of self-worth. When infants receive inconsistent care they

Stage 2: Autonomy versus Shame and Doubt. The child develops a sense of autonomy and learns to hold on and let go of things and emotions. If a child is not encouraged to share his or her emotions, toys, food, the child does not learn to trust others. Trust is manifested in getting the toys back and maybe tasting someone else’s food, receiving and giving affection from others. Therefore it is important to foster trust in children at this stage. (Page 158)

Erikson’s eight stages of development are trust vs. mistrust, Industry vs. Inferiority and Identity vs. Role Confusion. Stage one is Trust vs. mistrust – birth to age 1- At this stage the infant learns to trust the caregiver to provide for their basic needs or develops mistrust. Stage two is Autonomy vs. shame and doubt– 1-3yrs- At this stage toddlers begin to express their independence by talking, walking, dressing, feeding, and toileting

The second stage of Erikson’s eight stages of development is called Autonomy vs shame and doubt. This is the time where children to start to do things on their own, for example,

Successfully resolving this stage leads to the child developing the virtue of hope. The child will also develop “optimism, trust, confidence, and security” when they effectively complete this stage (Davey, 2014, para. 5). Failure to complete this stage will result in “insecurity, worthlessness, and general mistrust” to everyone around them (Davey, 2014, para. 5). This stage lasts from birth to 18 months (Davey, 2014). I think I successfully completed Erickson’s first stage. My mother and father provided adequate care for me. They provided comfort and the proper necessities for me to grow. I am optimistic and I generally trust others; I am not overly trusting to a point where I am naïve, but I have a sense of security within myself and the

The first stage, Trust vs. Mistrust, happens from right when your born until you become one-year old. If a baby’s wants are met, liking changing a diaper, they will develop trust. The next stage, Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt, happens between the ages of two and three. Erikson believes that the infant’s parents have to have a supportive atmosphere in order for their child to develop autonomy. If the supportive atmosphere is not present, then the child will develop shame and doubt about their autonomy. The third stage, Initiative vs. Guilt, happens when the child is age four to five. This is the stage when a child discovers who they want to be. Initiative increases when the skill of accountability is developed.

Before you can enhance Erikson’s first stage of human development you must understand it. Feldman (2017) says that it is called Trust versus Mistrust. Erikson named this stage trust versus mistrust because, it is a period during the first 18 months of a child’s life where an infant must learn to gain a sense of trust or mistrust from the people caring for them (Feldman, 2017). Infants unable to communicate or fend for themselves are strongly influenced by their environment around them. At such a young age their brains are still able to be modified because they are experiencing things for the first time (Feldman, 2017). This can be where behavior and where a development of structure in their lives comes from.

When it comes to Erickson's Eight Stages of Development, with other researches we can state that a person's childhood is what shapes their personality, that's why is a crucial time in a child's life. However, we face challenges throughout our life course that also shape us. They come in eight stages, stage 1 is, infancy- the challenge of trust, stage 2 is toddlerhood- the challenge of autonomy, stage 3 is preschool- the challenge of initiative, stage 4 is preadolescene- the challenge of industiousness, stage 5 is adolescence- the challenge of gaining identity, stage 6 is young-adulthood- the challenge of intimacy, stage 7 is middle adulthood- the challenge of making a difference, and finally stage 8 is old age- the challenge of integrity. The eight stages of

Once a sense of autonomy has been developed, the next stage in the psychosocial theory is initiative versus guilt. This stage is from about age three to age six and

The theory of psychosocial development developed by Erik Erikson is one of the best-known theories of personality. Erikson believed that personality develops in a series of stages and described the impact of social experience across the lifespan. Similar to Sigmund Freud, but unlike Piaget, Erikson believed that personality develops in a series of stages that are predetermined. Unlike Freud’s theory of psychosexual stages, Erikson’s theory, that of a psychosocial behavior, describes the impact of social experience across the entire lifespan. At each stage of development, Erikson described conflicts that act as turning points in life. This paper will discuss what Erikson’s theories is sheltered instruction, and how they apply to

The second stage happens from ages one to three. This stage is called Autonomy versus shame and doubt. Toddlers start to assert their sense of independence. If caregivers encourage this self-sufficiency, the toddler will learn to be independent versus feeling shame and doubt. When you area a young child you need to learn how to be independent, so you know in the future you can get things done by yourself. I believe I grew up in a home that let me be independent. The reason I believe this is because I can do things today that I would have never seen myself doing

As reported by Myers, he believed that indivuduals personality was profoundly influenced by experiences with people around the environment.(Myers, 2007) and as such he created an Eight Psychosocial stage theory. The first stage starts with Trust vs. Mistrust, taking place from birth to 18 months, where if needs are dependably met, infants develop a sense of basic trust. Next is the Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt, starting from 2 to 3 years, in which toddlers learn to exercise and do things for themselves, or they doubt about ther abilities. The third stage is Initiative vs, Guilt. It lasts from 3 to 5 years during which Preschooler learn to initiate tasks and carry on plans, or feel guilty about their independence. The next stage is Industry vs. Inferiority, ranging from 6 years to puberty, where children learn th pleasure of applying themselves to tasks, or may feel

The next definable stage is autonomy or shame which begins between the ages of one and three, children begin to assert their independence, by walking away from their mother, picking which toy to play with, and making choices about what they like to wear, to eat,