Erik Erikson

These stages result from and are connected to a series of crises that develops a persons identity as he develops and matures from infancy through childhood to adulthood (Munley, 1977). As persons grow and develop also people in his environment also change (Munley, 1977). Coming into contact with more persons and increasing the number of relationships with people is express with in the society in which a person lives (Munley, 1977). The first basic trust versus mistrust, autonomy versus shame and doubt, initiative versus guilt, industry versus inferiority, identity versus identity confusion, intimacy versus isolation, generativity versus stagnation, and ego integrity versus despair (Munley, 1977). The time of onset is connected to phase of crisis that is developed in the period in which the individual experienced the crisis. For example, the sense of basic trust versus mistrust in the first crisis by a child in infancy (Munley, 1977). Preceding and corresponding is followed by either greater health and maturity or by increasing weakness (Munley, 1977). The phases in which person face life as children and adults in their life cycle is outlined in Erikson’s eight stage crises (Munley, 1977). Development of basic attitudes in Ian is demonstrated in his personality traits confidence and resilience. Stages of character are built from the outcomes of previous stages of personality development and has ramification for the solution of other crises (Munley,

role confusion stages range from ages twelve to nineteen and is the stage in life where we explore who we are, who we want to be, and where we are headed in life. The Intimacy vs. isolation stage ranges from ages twenty to thirty-four, and is when we decide whether we are loved by others, feel rejected by others, and if we want to spend life with someone else or alone (Erikson, 1994).

Generativity versus stagnation, Erikson's seventh developmental stage, occurs during middle adulthood. By generativity Erikson means primarily “a concern for helping the younger generation to develop and lead useful lives. The feeling of having done nothing to help the next generation is stagnation” (Santrock, 2013, p. 23). Both

The beginning stages of Erikson’s (1968, 1980, 1982) model focus almost entirely on the individual and the self, developing those personal characteristics and developing the idea of the self. It is not until middle adulthood that the psychosocial conflict changes perspective to reflect outside of the self. The seventh psychosocial stage is generativity versus stagnation, which takes place during the ages of 40 to 60. In this stage, the individual turns the focus outside of themselves and starts to focus on society, community, and the family. While a person can feel generative by having their own family and children, this is only a small part of being successfully generative.

Stage six is intimacy versus isolation stage, ages 20-40 years old. It is young adulthood and it is when there can be love and friendship or possibility of loneliness of isolation. In the video, there is a women telling her partner that she cut her hair and that it will grow back in two years, her partner says he can wait two years but they are not sure if they will be together that long and that is when they feel a sense of loneliness. As described, a feeling of loneliness and isolation are likely to result from an inability to from friendships or

Intimacy versus isolation is stage six in Erik Ericksons eight stages of human development. This stage takes place from approximately 19-40 years of age (Orlofsky, Marcia, & Lesser, 1973). The big question that people face in this stage is will I be loved or will I be alone. During this stage people start to develop more long term relationships. Friendship, dating, marriage and family play a big role in the happiness of this stage. This is when we leave the people that we grew up with and start our own lives. By establishing

As the mother of seven grown children, I agree with most of Jeffrey Arnett’s, author of Emerging Adulthood, theories. It is a time of change, with a developmental connection between adolescence and adulthood. During this phase of development, children experience periods of self-discovery transformation. There are favorable outcomes as well as adverse effects during this developmental stage. Furthermore, this successive stage encourages and promotes the change from the dependency of their parents to the independence that is distinctive for adults. This autonomy is beneficial because it prepares the emerging adult for their future independently from their parents. Arnett believes there are five characteristics of emerging adulthood that make it distinguishable from other time periods: the age of identity explorations, the age of instability, the self-focused age, the age of feeling in-between, and the age of possibilities.

This essay will demonstrate my understanding of developments which occur at each stage of an individual's life cycle. I will relate these developments to two relevant psychological theories and discuss how an individual's needs must be met to enable them to develop.

New needs and tensions will arise in each area of life initiating one to seek new ways of adapting to these new found stressors. In return this forces them to form different kinds of intimate relationships. This maturation helps forms one’s personality (Kowalski, & Westen, 2002). “Relationships formed during each stage of life serve as a prototype for interactions in later stages. For this reason, there exists a continuum of relationships formed throughout a lifetime that shape and mold specific personality traits. Sigmund Freud, Erik Erikson, Jean Piaget, and Lawrence Kohlberg, describe development as a series of stages. A stage is a period in development in which people exhibit typical behavior patterns and establish particular capacities” (Kowalski, & Westen, 2002). “The various stage theories share three assumptions: First people pass through stages in a specific order, with each stage building on capacities developed in the previous stage, second stages most related to one’s age, third development is discontinuous, with qualitatively different capacities emerging in each stage” (Kowalski, & Westen, 2002).

Erickson theorizes that a person experiences different stages, and the “Individual confronts a major challenge or ‘crisis” (Boles, Danner, Briggs & Johnson

It is true that when persons become young adults, they tend to seek companionship and love from those surrounding them. Therefore, this theory can be applied in our interactions to understand the actions, and changes in individuals’ behavior and areas of concern as they go through life stages of

Many of our temperament traits are evident at birth. However, other characteristics such as trust, guilt and competency are learned based upon our life experiences and the support we receive as we grow and develop. Based upon his research, Erikson became aware of the influence maturation and social demands have on behavior and ultimately on our development. He believed these two forces "push[ed] humans everywhere through…[a set of] eight psychosocial crises" (Sigelman, C. & Rider, E., 2009, pg.332). He organized life into eight stages that extend from birth to death.

Within the stages, the resolution of crises is important in moving from one stage to the next. Overcoming social factors is one of the ways that variations in our development occur because each individual handles each crisis differently (Rogers, 2013). Through the Epigenetic development, Erikson is able to explain how individuals are able to achieve a stage of maturity through, “Strengths emerge(ing) in a predetermined sequence and each one has its appointed time of ascendance or dominance (Capps, 2012) (p.274),” due to biological factors. Maturity is seen as a sign of growth and progression (Smith,

There are five key features that characterize emerging adulthood. The first s identity exploration. The second is “Instability.” For many the instability is a result of residential changes such as living in a dorm. There is also instability in friendships, romantic relationships, academia, and work. Emerging adults have few obligations, responsibilities, and commitments. Because they have so much autonomy in controlling their own lives the third key feature is “Self-Focused.” One of the most difficult

Throughout the Human Behavior and the Social Environment course, we have encompassed the many stages of the life cycle process. Now that I am twenty two years old, I found the early adulthood stage to be the most influential, and the most sensible one to relate to given the point that I am at in my life. More importantly, I decided to research and apply this life cycle stage to a variety of milestones, experienced by my interviewee, Chelsie. Living just houses apart, being raised by single fathers, Chelsie and I found that we had many things in common. We have remained friends since we were children, and have only grown to be closer into our early adulthood years.