Erik Erikson Stages of Development and Cultural Implication

In the early 20th-century, interest in the field of child development emerged. Researchers and theorists studied the ways in which children grew, learned, and, in some instances, were shaped by societal influences (Weiland, 1993). The study of child development enables us to appreciate and understand the social, emotional, physical, educational, and cognitive growth that children go through from birth to early adulthood. Grand theories attempt to organize and arrange concepts and aspects of development using a step approach. Such as that of Erik Erikson’s theory, the Psychosocial Identity Development theory, in which he addresses the development of personal, emotional, and social progression in an individual through stages (Pretorius et al., 2015). Erikson’s model for the approach of development involves the focus of overcoming conflicts that individuals encounter over the span of their childhood that influence their ego identity, or the conscious sense of self that develops and constantly changes due to new experiences and information that is acquired through daily interactions with others and events. In Erikson’s theory, he believed that each person experienced a conflict that served as a defining moment in their development that essentially shaped who they would become later on in life; he believed that unresolved problems of adult life echoed unresolved conflicts of one’s childhood (Berger, 2011).

Illita H (1996). Some Psychological Effects on Nigeria's Economic Couch on the Teachers and Consequently their understudies. The Counselors 14 (1): 39-40.

If this stage is successful the child have the virtue of purpose. The fourth stage is industry vs. inferiority which happens in elementary school from the age 6 until puberty. During this stage, the child’s teacher and peers become the source of self-esteem. Children in this stage feel like they need to fit in and gain approval of those around them. They feel confident and gain a sense of pride when they are praised for their accomplishments. If this stage is successful they will gain the virtue of competence. If they feel they can’t do what is asked of them, are rejected by their peers, or their parents/teachers treat them insensitively, they will learn inferiority. Stage five is ego-identity vs. role-confusions which occurs during adolescence. Teenagers being to wonder who they are. This leads to them going through phases and rebelling to search for where they fit in and belong. They explore themselves, others, and roles. If they are unable to establish who they are, they’ll experience role-confusion and suffer an identity crisis. Success in this stage will lead to the virtue of fidelity, but failure means they feel they have no place in society. Stage six is intimacy vs. isolation, this

Alonte’ is a nonstop toddler that can’t seem to stay focus on one participle tasks. He likes to jump around and do varies things in one setting. He has a short attention span. He is a very active little boy. He was quickly changing area to area to play.

Eric Erikson was one of the most famous theorists of the twentieth century; he created many theories. One of the most talked about theories is his theory of psychosocial development. This is a theory that describes stages in which an individual should pass as they are going through life. His theory includes nine stages all together. The original theory only included eight stages but Erikson‘s wife found a ninth stage and published it after his death. The nine stages include: trust vs. mistrust, autonomy vs. shame and doubt, initiative vs. guilt, industry vs. inferiority, identity vs. identity confusion, intimacy vs. isolation, generativity vs. stagnation, integrity vs. despair, and hope and faith vs. despair (Crandell and Crandell,

The common misconception that spanking is a form of child abuse affects the proper discipline of today's youth. Some parents are actually afraid to discipline their own children using the same method of belief from their own upbringing. Who is correct in the notion of right and wrong discipline? Is there such a thing as a correct way to spank your child? In my opinion, there is. So, my goal is to show that if the

raised in a good environment. On the other hand, parents need to demonstrate responsibility in

Industry vs. inferiority stage is during age 6 to 12 years old. This is when learning new skills and understanding with developing sense of industry. This is too a stage of social development that you learn plus need throughout the stage of everybody’s life cycle. If an individual experience unanswered thoughts of failure and weakness amongst their peers, they are known to have very serious troubles in conditions of capability and self-esteem during their entire life cycle. As individuals will expand their relationship with school and neighbors during this time of their life cycle parents are still important in their life.

Did you know that too much encouragement will make a child over confident and less likely to work hard. When kids get to feeling like they are really good at something they feel like all of the hard work is done and that they are at the top. They slow down their effort allowing others to catch up. They are less likely to work hard because they think they are good enough already. Once a child gets good and works at what they do they need to keep going and pushing because they will get passed by others. Mindset, by Carol Dweck explains, that kids need praise but not too much because there overconfidence will pull them down and others will pass them in life. Sometimes kids that got praise that tore them down took that praise and

I think the best age to be is middle adulthood (40s-60s). According to Erikson's stages of development the issue at this stage is feeling like you have a purpose in life or not. I feel that for me this would be an easy issue to overcome. There are so many different things to try in the world, I don't believe it would be hard to find a purpose. The greeting cards I saw for this age category were mostly birthday cards and most celebrating reaching a certain age like 40 or 50. The jokes and pictures were more mature than the children cards which mostly contained bright colors and pictures of cartoon characters. I think I reacted better to the adult cards because I found the jokes funny, and I didn't enjoy the children's cards beacuse I never really

As human beings age, according to Erik Erikson, they go through developmental stages that help to create and transform their personalities. If needs are met and the ego is gratified, then the individual is able to move on to the next challenge. Onward they march in life and in stage until they find the end level: integrity versus despair. This has been categorized as adults 65 years and older by Erikson. Here, people are to reminisce and judge their lives in terms of merit or disappointment. Erikson himself had a lot to comb through in his later years.

To begin with, today, many parents don’t actually punish their children by spanking them. Now they are punished by taking away all of their electronic devices. According to Issues and Controversy, children should be raised by receiving corporal punishment, which is that children should get the belt whenever they deserve it (1).

In Erik Erikson’s theory he explains that in every stage, a positive or a negative attitude is developed within an individual. During our developing stages we are either successful or we fail. Each stage will come to us whether or not we’re ready for them or not. You can think of the stages as learning stages where crisis occur .Only if we have learned from the previous crisis we are successful. You cannot avoid 1 stage and move to a next stage because of the developing process. The outcome of our lives depends on the way we chose to progress throughout each stage in life. Erikson had his own way in describing each stage in life that we all must go through.

This stage is called industry versus inferiority/ Elementary school-aged children who succeed in learning new, productive life skills develop a sense of pride and competence. Those who fail to develop these skills feel inadequate and unproductive. Children learn early new life skills that give them a sense of pride. Pride and competence are good for children because then, they feel like there is no empty spaces in their life. I feel like when I was a child I was never taught to show my pride. Today, I know if I would have learned to show my pride I wouldn’t back down from anyone and would be a totally different

Corruption in the Niger delta region of Nigeria as resulted in youths becoming militants and kidnappers which have led to killing of innocent individuals. During the past few years a lot of people have died in the Niger delta due to violent killings because of dispute over oil revenue and compensation. Most of these atrocities are carried out main by youths, who are agitated by the corrupt practice of the