Erik Erikson 's Stages Of Psychosocial Development

One of the most common and well-recognized theories of personality in the psychological field is the theory of psychosocial development by Erik Erikson. The theory includes various stages of development that mainly focus on the development of competence in an area in life. The theorist believed that people undergo conflicts that act as the turning point in development in each of the stages. The conflicts in each of the stages either stimulate the individual to personal growth or failure in developing quality. Erikson's stages of development can be used in providing effective therapeutic services to patients with histories of abuse and neglect. This is largely because these stages help in identification of symptoms related to the abuse or neglect and the establishment of methods to treat the symptoms by a therapist.

Erik Erikson was born in Frankfurt, Germany in 1902. Because his mother was Jewish and his father was not, he was often bullied in school. He had blonde hair and blue eyes, so his Jewish peers mocked him for standing out and being different, and his peers at school teased him simply for being Jewish. His own internal conflict with his identity sparked his interest in identity formation and development. Although he never actually received a degree in medicine or psychology, he became friends with Anna Freud who helped him study psychoanalysis. Erikson supported and was influenced by many of Sigmund Freud’s ideas. Freud had a theory on development, he called it the 5 stages of psychosexual development, this is one of the theories that Erikson

Eric Erikson was one of the most famous theorists of the twentieth century; he created many theories. One of the most talked about theories is his theory of psychosocial development. This is a theory that describes stages in which an individual should pass as they are going through life. His theory includes nine stages all together. The original theory only included eight stages but Erikson‘s wife found a ninth stage and published it after his death. The nine stages include: trust vs. mistrust, autonomy vs. shame and doubt, initiative vs. guilt, industry vs. inferiority, identity vs. identity confusion, intimacy vs. isolation, generativity vs. stagnation, integrity vs. despair, and hope and faith vs. despair (Crandell and Crandell,

Erik Erikson’s stages of personality development focuses mainly on the external factors that influence an individual’s personality. The students at Charleston High School represent the fifth stage of personality develop which outlines the development of identity or role confusion (Cherry, 2016). As shown in the film, many of the students at Charleston High School seem to be going through role confusion. The environment in Charleston has taught the students that whites and blacks are meant to be separated however personally, many of them do not feel the need to because they have grown intimate with each other after being together for so long. Nonetheless, they fear if they do not follow the norm, they will be seen as outsiders in their society.

At the age of 6 years old, a child would most likely experienced the school system which would include pre-school and kindergarten. There are many physical, cognitive and social changes that are happening in middle childhood development. This paper will examine what these changes affect the child’s ability to function in society. This analysis will focus on the normal course of development in middle childhood as it applies to the theorist Erik Erikson’s Psychosocial Stages and then give examples of what may happen if the developments are not carried out.

Erik Erikson is one of the most influential psychoanalysts of the 20th century. He developed the eight stages of psychosocial development. These stages are trust vs. mistrust, autonomy vs. doubt/shame, initiative vs guilt, industriousness vs inferiority, identity cohesion vs. role confusion, intimacy vs. isolation, generativity vs. stagnation, and ego integrity vs. despair. He focused his study on the crisis that arise in adolescence and adulthood. He explained how certain things must be achieved in different stages of your life in order to be an emotionally normal person. These needs are coincidence with each other but take effect during certain time periods of your life and can affect your future. When analyzing his work, you can definitely see how it is relevant today. Erikson’s theory is compared with Freud’s because Erikson expands on the ideas that Freud already presented. Like any theorist, there are criticism that put restraints on his work.

According to Rogers (2013, p.87) Jessica was in stage six intimacy verses isolation of Erikson’s stages of psychosocial development Persons in this stage of psychosocial development are looking for intimacy and closeness in their relationships while still keeping their identity. If they do not achieve intimacy than they are at risk of isolation. One could view Jessica seeking fertility treatment as her wanting to obtain ultimate intimacy with her husband. What is more intimate than sharing a child with someone. This could be the reason why Jessica thought something was wrong with her which was making her question her identity in a sense. Jessica said that since Laurel has been born her and John have grown closer which could indicate that sharing a child together gave them the intimacy they both were seeking.

According to Erikson’s stages of psychosocial development from the ages of 12-18 adolescents are attempting to construct their identity; determining who they are, what they value, and where they fit in society (Berk, 2003, p. 314). For adolescents of color in the United States, this period of identity development takes place in an environment filled with what Young (2013, p. 43) called “the oppression of violence.” Young wrote that the oppression of violence affects both those who have been directly victimized and all members of target groups who live each day knowing that they may become the target of violence due to their group identity. Today’s students of color have every reason to believe that they may become the targets of violence. In 2013 Tamir Rice, a 13-year-old African-American boy, was shot and killed by a white police officer while playing in a park with a toy gun. The officer responsible never faced charges (Smith & Williams, 2015). In 2015 Ahmed Mohamed, a 14-year-old Muslim boy, brought a homemade clock to school to show his teacher. Mohamed was accused of bringing a bomb to school and was arrested. Mohamad’s family moved to Qatar for nine months due to the number of death threats the boy received (Victor, 2016). In 2016 Pedro Villanueva, a 19-year-old Latino man, was shot and killed in his car by undercover police officers who followed him as he left a street racing show (Queally & Parvini, 2016). The news is filled with stories of young people of color

My mother was in denial that she was pregnant and did not take proper care of herself or get the proper prenatal care that is recommended. I was born through a scheduled cesarean on January 22, 1993 at 36 gestational weeks, in Plainview Texas. “Babies born before the 37th week of gestation are known as preterm (premature) infants” (Papalia & Martorell, 2015, p. 96). My mom suffered postpartum depression that lasted about three weeks after my birth, and she does not remember much of my first month of life. Either my aunt or dad took care of me when they were off but when they were at work my mom does not know how she cared for me. According to Erikson’s psychosocial stages “the crucial theme of infancy, for example, is basic trust versus basic

I think, over the period including the initial 12 months to a year and a half of my life, I could compare to the first stage of Erikson's psychosocial stages. My mom, amid this time, provided me with proper arrangements of nourishment, warmth, and the solace of physical closeness. This enabled me to comprehend and acknowledge that other things and individuals exist even when I couldn't see them. This was a noteworthy venturing stone where the establishment for trust ended up plainly vital. In the next part time of my life, from around year and a half to 3 years old, I could resolve the second of Erikson's psychosocial stages satisfactorily. It was around this time I started to accept vital obligations for my own particular self-mind like sustain myself,

In 1963, the psychology theorist Erik Erikson, developed the idea that each life stage has a psychosocial task that they must conquer. I was given the opportunity to observe his theory on my own through a series of interviews. The first person that I interviewed was an adolescent, whose psychosocial developmental conflict is between identity and role confusion. The next person that I interviewed was a young adult, whose conflict is between intimacy. The next person that I interviewed was of middle adulthood, whose crisis is between generativity and stagnation. Finally, I interviewed a woman in the stage of late adulthood, whose crisis is integrity versus despair. Ultimately, I was able to be a first-hand witness to development throughout life

Erikson's eight stages of psychological development is the theoretical framework that I remember pre-nursing. According to Erikson, the period of infancy is the one of trust versus mistrust in which children must develop a sense of trust with their caretaker (Bastable, S., 2014). The concept of trust versus mistrust is present throughout an individual’s entire life. Therefore if the concept is not addressed during infancy, the individual may be negatively affected and never fully immerse themselves in the world. This is important to me because I learned to trust my teachers to relay information about the theory and integrate her knowledge and life learning experiences to help my understanding and assimilating new information. During my nursing education, my professors are very knowledgeable and experienced. They were able to bridge the gap for me from theory and integrate it to my clinical. Our clinical rotation at the VA Hospital in the early 1990's had given me the opportunity to have great clinical experience because of hands on training experience with patients. My co-curricular activities after school are volunteering with my classmates at the local hospital so that we can help and network for future job opportunities. In this process, we are helping patients and at the same time learning clinical skills that we can use to our advantage. It is expected as nursing students and professionals that we respect patients with

The third stage in Erikson’s psychosocial development is genital-locomotor, where the crisis is initiative versus guilt. During this stage, children begin to interact with other kids at their school, allowing them the chance to explore their skills through initiating in activities. Correspondingly, a child may demonstrate initiative if they feel sure of themselves in making decisions and leading others, with an appropriate amount of enthusiasm and encouragement from their caretakers. On the contrary, a child may demonstrate guilt if their attempts to initiate in an activity is controlled or criticized; the child may feel as if they are a bother to society and thus, will lack initiative and become a follower instead of a leader. If this stage

In addition to the beginning stages of life and Erikson’s psychosocial development theory, the last four stages apply to young adulthood and late adulthood. The last four stages of Erikson’s psychosocial stages are adolescence (12-18), young adulthood (19-40), middle adulthood (40-65), and late adulthood (65 to death). During adolescence, the central crisis of identity vs role confusion occurs. In young adulthood, intimacy vs isolation begins. Middle adulthood, the central crisis generativity vs stagnation begins. Lastly, maturity is where ego identity and despair emerges. In this analysis paper, developmental experiences that contribute to each crisis will be discussed; as well as factors that are not accounted for by Erikson’s

Adolescence is the fifth stage in Erikson's psychosocial development theory. It is posited to last from ages 12 to 18, and the basic conflict inherent in the adolescent stage, which the person must resolve, is between identity and role confusion. This conflict between identity and role confusion especially plays itself out in peer relationships, but the teenager also navigates through identity and role confusion with relationships in the family unit. Identity and role confusion issues can arise with sexuality, as well as worldviews.