Erik Erikson 's The Field Of Development Psychology

Erikson's stages of psychosocial development, as articulated by Erik Erikson, in collaboration with Joan Erikson,[1] is a comprehensive psychoanalytic theory that identifies a series of eight stages, in which a healthy developing individual should pass through from infancy to late adulthood. All stages are present at birth but only begin to unfold according to both a natural scheme and one's ecological and cultural upbringing. In each stage, the person confronts, and hopefully masters, new challenges. Each stage builds upon the successful completion of earlier stages. The challenges of stages not successfully completed may be expected to reappear as problems in the future.

For ease of review in discussing the developmental theorists and their theories of human development I have subdivided each theorist into their respective schools of psychology. These schools include the psychoanalytic school, behavioral school, humanistic school, cognitive school, and the individual schools of psychology. Each developmental theorist holds their own unique ideas and theories about various components of human development. I will be discussing the contributions of each of these theorists.

There are many developmental milestone events and transition points that help form the identity of an individual. As one transitions from milestone to another, they are not necessarily losing or gaining anything, but are adapting to their new stage in life (Bjorklund, 2011). These transitions can affect other domains of human development including: physical changes, cognitive changes, personality or identity, social relationships and mental health. The transition into adulthood is a transition that varies widely between each individual (Bjorklund, 2011). Some young adults may enter military service, go into the workforce, get married, or go to college. This indicates that young adults do not have to go into a role they do not wish to enter and they have the freedom to make their own decisions (Bjorklund, 2011). This transition into adulthood varies in length for all young adults, and this time is spent solving issues that affected them in childhood, and will help them to become successful adults (Bjorklund, 2011). Emerging adulthood is the transition that takes place between the ages of 18 and 25 (Bjorklund, 2011). This transition gives young adults the time to explore and experience new things that eventually lead them to commitments of work and love (Bjorklund, 2011). According to Erik Erikson, one’s personality will continue to develop throughout their entire life, and, in order to have

Since the development of Erik Erikson’s psychosocial model of development in the 1960s, it has become one of the most widely used measurements for studying emotional and personality development across the human lifespan (Dunkel & Harbke, 2017). Erikson’s model contains eight developmental stages, beginning in infancy and progressing until old age, and as a person ages they begin to pass through the stages, with a new psychological crisis arising at each stage (Svetina, 2014). Whitbourne, Sneed and Sayer (2009) describe how the outcome of each crisis is met with identity attainment and new personal adaptations (positive outcome), or with an incoherent identity (negative outcome). Additionally, each new stage allows for the reassessment of previous achievements, and in some cases, failures (Dunkel & Harbke, 2017). Erikson’s model is commonly recognised as a developmental ladder – each previous stage lays a foundation before an individual can progress toward the next stage (Malone, Liu, Valliant, Rentz & Waldinger, 2016). It is important to note that whilst they are referred to as “stages”, they should be viewed as being on a continuum rather than fixed categories (Dunkel & Harbke, 2017).

In addition, I had better understand and experience in different stages in Erik Ericson’s theory about psychosocial development. Moreover, I notice different themes such as attachment, separation, autonomy, accomplishment, and failure will recur later in the people’s life cycle. Having knowledge of psychosocial developmental theories will help me understand more about myself as well as children’s life that will help me to create curriculum to support their psychosocial

With the eight stages of Erik Erikson’s developmental theory, five occur between birth and twenty years old that affect a child’s development greatly. Every person throughout life experiences each stage within Erikson’s theory whether the outcome is negative or positive however, if the

Erik Erikson’s life span development theory, also known as the Eight Stages of Man, offers a perspective of human development through all stages of life. Erikson believed that as humans grow older, they go through eight stages of development that each present a crisis for the individual to resolve during that stage. Each crisis must be resolved before a new one can be presented. Successful resolution at each stage creates the foundation needed to build the next. This paper will discuss Erikson’s first four psychosocial stages of development; infancy, toddler, preschool, and middle childhood. Although typical development includes successfully resolving each crisis during the sensitive period and moving on the next stage of development,

Erik Erikson is known for his psychoanalytic theory of psychosocial development comprising eight stages from infancy to adulthood. Psychologist Erik Erikson, is a major contributor to developmental psychology, who proposed a comprehensive theory of the ways that individuals develop their identity, a sense of who they are, and society's influence on that development. Erikson stated that people go through crisis at each stage of their lives. The stages each had a developmental task to be mastered. As an individual resolved these various crises an individual would have a better harmony with their social environment that they live in. If an individual could not successfully resolve a crisis, they would be” out of step”, and the individual would have a greater difficulty in their dealing with a crisis in the future. Erikson did however recognize that an individual can develop through a stage negatively and still go on with their life. Erikson stated that each of the psychological stages have a basic conflict and important event leading to growth. The theory was developed from his hundreds of clinical observations in children.

Inside this essay the Erikson’s Theory on developmental psychology is described in full detail, the stages how everyone is affected throughout the stages with detail inside the examples. Using personal and televised characters to define how each character fits inside the specific stage. Detail on how the person had managed to progress or did not progress inside the stage and how to overcome the negative effects.

There are many methods for studying human social development. In Erik Erikson’s psychosocial theory, social interactions are an important and determining factor of lifespan development. Although Erikson was influenced by many of Sigmund Freud’s studies, his studies were based upon psychosocial development versus psychosexual development. Erikson, like Freud, emphasized the importance of childhood on personality development, but unlike Freud, he believed that development occurred across the entire lifespan. Erikson thought personality developed through a series of eight stages each signified by a “crisis”. According to Erikson, if the individual successfully overcomes the situation it helps to develop a lifelong skillset, but if the crisis is not successfully resolved it may hinder development. The sense of competence or the sense of inadequacy at each stage ultimately develops an individual’s identity or “all of the beliefs, ideals, and values that shape and guide a person’s behavior (Cherry).” By examining my own social development through life and gathering information from my parents, specifically about my childhood, I made many comparisons to and connections to my own identity. As Erikson’s stages are confined by age, I considered the first five stages of the psychosocial theory of development and related them to my life.

The process that was required from the group members to complete the Alhambra community intervention project includes our group norms and rules, meeting breakdowns, and our roles, responsibilities and contribution in this project shown in Appendix B.

Erick Erickson (1950,1963) proposed to a psychoanalytic theory of psychosocial development comprising eight stages from infancy to adult with each stage a person will experience some sort of psychosocial experience that may have a negative or positive outcome for their personal development. The psychosocial have eight stages each stage are depending the age of the child. The stages are; trust vs mistrust this is the infancy stage at this stage the infant is uncertain about the world they live in to end the feeling of uncertainty the infant looks upon their primary care giver for stability, autonomy vs shame this is the early child hood stage children who complete this stage successfully leave feeling secure and confident in themselves while for those who do not are left with a sense of shame and doubt of self, initiative vs guilt play age children display curiosity about the world, and begin to assert their power and contract of the world through direct play and social interaction they also feel a sense of guilt when they take a negative initiative and are punished, industry vs inferiority the school age if a child is praised for doing their best and encouraged to finish task then industry may result, while the child who ant master their school work may think of themselves as a failure and feeling inferiority may arise, identity vs role confusion the adolescence stage this is the main stage and most important development task for adolescents are to constructer their own unique sense of identity and find the social environment where they can belong to and have meaningful relationship( Chen, Lay Wu, & Yao, 2007), intimacy vs isolation young adult, adults who successful in resolving the conflict of this stage are able to develop deep meaningful relationship with others while adults who struggles with this stage experience poor relationship ( Cherry, Gans), generative vs stagnation adulthood stage failing to achieve this stage they become stagnant and feel unproductive while success in it will lead to the feeling of virtue and care(McLeod), and lastly ego integrity vs despair maturity stage to be successful in this stage the person is

Erik Erikson’s psychosocial theory of development comprises eight stages that every individual should pass through, starting from the time that they are born (cite the source). At each stage, a person goes through a psychosocial crisis that can have positive or negative impacts on the development of their personality. The eight stages clarify the developmental challenges that individuals face at different times of their lives. According to Berk (2017), every person must successfully complete one stage so as to move on to the

Erik Erikson postulated eight psychosocial stages, an innovation to the five stages of development of Dr. Sigmund Freud. Each of the psychosocial stages are present at birth but only begin to unfold according to the childrens’ ecological and cultural upbringing. Each stage is marked by a psychosocial crisis that needs to be resolved so that the individual can move to the next stage of development (Heffner, 2014).