Ernest Everett Just: An African-American Writer

In 1915, Just became the first recipient of the NAACP 's Spingarn Medal, which is a prestigious award given to a person of African descent who had “performed the foremost service to his race.” Just was elected to the American Society of Naturalists and the American Society of Zoologists. In 1930, he became “the first American to be invited to the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute in Berlin, Germany, where several Nobel Prize winners conducted research.” He gave a detailed account of his experiments in scientific journals in three countries including Germany, Italy, and France. He became “the world’s leading expert on fertilization of the egg, the beginning of every life in the animal world,” and earned a new title as the “scientist’s scientist,” given to him by his colleagues. He made fairly significant breakthroughs in specific areas of science that would include the role of environmental factors in development; “he investigated the effect of a number of variables – dilute or concentrated sea water, ultraviolet irradiation, temperature, hydration or dehydration— on embryo development.” He observed “the ‘wave of negativity’ that sweeps over the egg cell at the onset of fertilization envelope separation, preventing fertilization by more than one spermatozoon” and “correctly reasoned that it was this wave, not the physical separation of the envelope, that is

Ernest was born on September 2, 1931 in Russell, Kentucky. At eight years old, his parents passed away, therefore Ernest was raised in an orphanage at the Methodist Children's Home in Versailles, Kentucky. He had 125 brothers and there he learned the importance in brotherhood. In an interview West states, “ I thought of them as brothers and called them brothers. We Treated each other a lot with respect and we all stuck together...If you jumped on one, you had to whip about 25 of us.” He eventually dropped out of high school and took a job with the C&O railroad before being drafted.

studies his primary goal (World of Chemistry). This showed that civil rights side of Carver and

May 19, 1925 in Omaha, Nebraska a king was born by the name of Malcolm Little. He was the fourth child out of the eight of Earl and Louise Little. Earl was a preacher and from the chapter in their city a member of the local chapter of the Universal Negro Improvement Association and avid supporter of black nationalist leader Marcus Garvey, while his wife Louise was a homemaker. was a minister, human rights activist and prominent black nationalist

Born on August 14, 1883, in Charleston, South Carolina, Earnest Everett Just was an African-American biologist and educator who pioneered many areas on the physiology of development, including fertilization, experimental parthenogenesis, hydration, cell division, dehydration in living cells and ultraviolet carcinogenic radiation effects on cells. Just's legacy of accomplishments followed him long after his death, on October 27,

Bernardo Alberto Houssay was a hispanic scientist who was involved in the areas of physiology and experimental science. He was born in Buenos Aires, Argentina in April of 1887 from his father who was a lawyer. He was such an intelligent and dedicated to his education since he was young. He graduated high school by the age of 14, went of to college, graduated from pharmacy school at the age of 17 and then graduated and received his MD by the age of 23. He was already a doctor by the age of 21. He was most known for his study in physiology and experimental medicine.He went off to being a professor of veterinary science and physiology. Although he was dismissed from his position as a professor at a medical institution due to political issues

Earnest Everett Just was an African-American biologist, educationist, and academic and science writer. He is best known for his pioneering work in the physiology in development in fertilization. Ernest Everett Just was born on August 14, 1883, in Charleston, South Carolina, to Charles Frazier and Mary Matthews. His mother worked as a school teacher and his father, a dock worker, died when Ernest was only four years old.

Ralph Bunche is the first African American that won the Nobel Prize, he has been in lots of

Dr. Ernest Everett was born on October 27, 1883, in Charlotte, South Carolina. Just was an African American biologist and academic and science writer. Just primary legacy has been his recognition of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the development of organisms. His work with marine biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the study of the whole cell under normal conditions, rather than breaking them apart in a laboratory The setting, just also left an everlasting impression within the African American community for his ability to pursue high-level education in spite of racial obstacles that he faced towards his path to success.

Ernest Rutherford was born in 1871 near nelson in Brightwater, New Zealand. He was the fourth of 12 children, to James Rutherford, who worked hard as a mechanic, wheelwright, engineer, flax-miller and farmer and his wife, Martha Thompson, a school teacher before her marriage. Both parents were passionate about their children's education, and ensured the Rutherford children completed their homework with the saying,

Alfred Kinsey was born in New Jersey on June 23, 1894 to Alfred Kinsey and Sarah Charles. As a young boy he suffered many illnesses such as rheumatic fever and typhoid. In high school, he began his interest in biology and botanical studies with the influence of his teacher. He started his career in biology as a zoologist and entomologist but later found interest in sexology. His parents were very religious therefore not agreeing with his choice of career. Due to this he considered his father’s wishes by studying engineering but decided that he was better off with biology.

Ernest E. Just was Successful Biologist he also was Won First Spingarn Medal from NAACP.”A brilliant marine biologist who made numerous significant discoveries concerning cell behavior, Ernest Everett Just faced many obstacles in his career because of racial prejudice. He overcame many of them.”(Bianco, D 2004-2008) In Fact “For almost 40 years after the end of World War II, the work of Ernest Everett Just, an African-American biologist known for his studies of fertilization and early development in marine invertebrates lay forgotten, buried in the scientific literature.”(Byrnes, M. 2010).

Ernest Just is one of the most significant biologists in History. Many challenges were thrown at Ernest throughout his whole life, but he overcame the odds and became one of the most important biologists to this day. Just pioneered studies in egg fertilization and other zoology studies and overcame many hardships throughout his life.

JBS Haldane – Revealed the concept that assisted in the creation of population genetics due to finding a genetic linkage in mammals. He was responsible for establishing the modern evolutionary synthesis after combining Darwinian evolution and Mendelian genetics into a unified field.

Gould had a large educational background. He graduated from Antioch College in Yellow Springs, Ohio in 1963 (Encyclopedia of World Biography). Stephen received a pH. D in paleontology at Columbia University in 1967 (The Editors). Also at Columbia, he studied evolutionary biology and paleontology (Encyclopedia of World Biography). He then became a professor at Harvard University in 1973 (Encyclopedia of world Biography). Also at Harvard, he widened his study of the speciation and evolution of land snails in the West Indies (Encyclopedia of World Biography).