Ernest Everett Just

Born on April 15, 1889 in Crescent City, Florida, Reverend James W. and Elizabeth Randolph gave birth to their second son, Asa Philip Randolph. James worked as a tailor and minister, while Elizabeth worked as a seamstress. Both of his parents were supporters of equality for African Americans as well as general human rights. Being black during that era meant having to live through difficult circumstances while striving to survive. Through the guidance and nurture from his parents, Asa inherited his compassion and drive towards racial inequality. In 1891, the Randolph’s moved to Jacksonville, Florida, which had a positive, and well-established African American community.

explained what it was like to be African American in a certain time and place.”

Fee was born in 1816 to farm and slave owners of Bracken County, Kentucky (Fee, John). Fee’s father owned up to 13 slaves at one point in order to keep a steady running farm and argued that no sin had been committed (Fee). Raised in this lifestyle, Fee saw slaves as a normal part of life however gotten into trouble for playing and standing up for his fellow slaves (Fee). Seeing no indifference between colors at a young age, Fee later grew to realize the sins of slavery as he gave himself to god during adolescence. First joining a Presbyterian Church with his father, Fee matured with his faith to study Gospel Ministry (Fee). Through his studies, he met two classmates that challenged his understandings of slavery with the holy text. Coming to an understanding, Fee realized to keep his soul he must become an “abolitionist” and fight for his love of God and mankind (Fee). Fee returned home after his studies to convert mislead followers from his native state, beginning with his father. With this ineffective pursuit he also found a love pursuit and his future wife, Matilda Hamilton, whom supported him through his trials. Fee continued to spread his teachings to neighboring churches, and established a strong community for black families in Camp Nelson (“Walk of Fame Recipient Plaque 5”). In a pursuit to create equality and save man from sin, Fee touched many hearts and ultimately created the first co-racial college in the South (“Walk of Fame Recipient Plaque

Sarah E. Goode was born into slavery by her mom and dad. Her father ,Oliver Jacobs, was a carpenter. Her mother was

Based on the evidence supplied by author Kent Anderson Leslie, slaves in antebellum Georgia did not always live under the oppressive system of chattel labor. According to Leslie, the rules that applied to racial hierarchy were not strictly enforced, especially when it came to propertied and wealthy planters such as David Dickson who chose to raise his mixed-race daughter at home. Amanda Dickson’s experiences during Reconstruction demonstrate that she had much more freedom after slavery was abolished than may have been expected before the Civil War. Amanda Dickson’s experiences and those of her mother in particular do not fit the presumed mold of oppressed slave with no opportunity for a better life.

Mary Ann Shadd Cary was one of the most influential African-American, female leaders during the Antebellum era. As an advocate for equality and integration, Cary contributed an immense amount of effort towards establishing the foundation of black livelihood. Though labeled inferior on the basis of ethnicity and gender, she was a fierce, headstrong, successful activist in a political world dominated by white males. This essay will analyze Cary’s approach to solidifying African American safety and nationalism during the 19th century.

In conclusion, Susie King and her husband returned to Savannah after the Civil War was over. Life was difficult and “prejudice against his race” was still “too strong to insure him much work at his trade” (p.54, Taylor). Susie had opened a school in her home and taught children, until the free public schools drew all her students away. Edward died in 1866

Carter G Woodson, the oldest of nine in a poor coal mining family found his love of learning early. Earning a Masters’ degree only one year after earning a bachelor’s degree, he quickly followed in the footsteps of great minds and earned his PhD from Harvard University. He had a very well rounded and multifaceted educational journey according to the text, but felt most connected to furthering the pursuit of excellence for all African Americans through the creation of journals, organizations, and eventually continuing on in higher education with the African American in mind. He is credited with Black History week. In light of the time in history wherein he flourished, it is fitting that he was part of the movement that resulted in the creation of the NAACP (iv-v). In short, he objectively appears to single handedly be the father of the African American social awareness movement.

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The 1920’s were a time of change for African Americans. They were beginning to retain a sense of pride in their background and culture, were becoming more independent socially and economically, and were becoming more militant. Part of this was because of the Great Migration, in which a proliferation of African Americans moved from the Southern states to the Northern states, and the excessive levels of racism and prejudice they faced during the process. African Americans were really starting to make their voices and identities prevalent, especially through movements like the Harlem Renaissance and Marcus Garvey’s Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA). This mentality of independence and militance that African Americans adopted which is represented through the actions of Ossian Sweet is what makes up the 1920s cultural construct of the “New Negro” which allowed me to understand the realness and effectiveness of cultural constructs.

Lars Eighner writes an article in The Texas Observer called “Bigmama Didn’t Shop at Woolworths” that gives us insight into the life of a family living in Bryan Texas. Bigmama lets us know about her life in which she is unable to shop at regular stores and is followed around to make sure she does not steal anything. Bigmama has to teach her granddaughter about this way of life, advising Sunny Nash about the term “colored” in hopes that Sunny would not live a life of embarrassment or make a mistake and get herself killed. (Eighner 29) We are shown how Bigmama has to make decisions and influence the youth to be aware of what the world is like so that her family would survive. In 1946, Viola Johnson receives a letter from Louisiana State University informing her that the State of Louisiana has separate colleges for whites and colored students and that she would not be admitted to their medical college. (Patterson) Johnson would then write a letter informing LSU that she would be taking them to court in this issue. As time passed, Johnson would attend the southern Louisiana College for colored students and then request again to be admitted to the Medical college at LSU. Being denied again, Johnson would be taken on as the “ideal plaintiff” for the NAACP and go to court against LSU for violating the 14th amendment. She would lose the court battle against LSU, but that did not end her determination. Viola Johnson, now Doctor Viola Coleman would move to Midland, Texas and assist in the desegregation process of Midland Medical school. Viola left a legacy to her children, who knew nothing of what their mother did until she passed, to stand for what they believe in and stay headstrong in this life against unequal rights. (Patterson) In a news article from the 1940s, The Baird Star, reads

With so much going on back in 1850’s, especially the biggest issue was slavery. We tend to only think that adults were only slaves but forgot that children who were African American were also slaves too that were being put to work just like their parents. Anthony S. Parent, Jr. and Susan Brown Wallace both teamed up to collaborate studying the issue of children and slavery which is the untold story of the children during the times on slavery and their knowledge of sex. After reading the studies of their work, it was very shocking and surprising that little attention was brought up among the children during the slavery time. It was devastating to hear such treatment happening to poor innocent

Erik Erikson, a developmental psychologist, stated the first stage of human development is one of the most important. Because an infant is entirely dependent upon his or her caregivers, the quality of care plays an important role in the shaping of the child’s personality. In the case of Antowne Fisher, with his unfortunate circumstance of the death of his father and the incarceration of his mother, he lacked the care and love only parents can provide. However, once he entered the foster care system, Mrs. Nellie Strange, a savior of sort and his foster mother, became the tool in his development through the first stage of Erickson’s stages of development.

In some of Hurston’s works she acknowledges Eatonville, which was the first all-black community in America that she moved to when she was only three years old (Kimmons, 3). Hurston viewed Eatonville as a place where blacks could ultimately be themselves without having to conform to the norms of a white society (Kimmons, 1). Hurston was protected from the realisms of judgement and disgust towards African Americans; since Eatonville was described to be somewhat safe from lynchings and other violence related to racism. After

In many ways it could be argued that Marcus Garvey was the most significant African American civil rights leader of this time because of his role in tackling the social issues African American’s faced. He aimed to improve the lives of African Americans by encouraging them to take control of their own affairs and education. His role surrounding this issue is illustrated by his founding of the UNIA. This Universal Negro Improvement Association was an organisation dedicated to racial pride, economic self sufficiency and the formation of an independent black nation in Africa. Through this and the magazine the ‘Negro World’ he urged African Americans to be proud of their race, and argued “a people without the knowledge of their past history, origin and culture is like a tree without roots”. It has been said that through Garvey’s dedication to social improvement for his race he managed to capture the imagination of many blacks for whom the American Dream was a dirty joke.