Ernest Rutherford's Gold Foil Experiment

In the early 1900’s, the discovery of a luminescent material, radium, arrived on the scene to the delight of a fascinated and eager public. At first, it seemed to be a miracle remedy, not just harmless but even beneficial. However, when a multitude of watch dial painters were exposed to this substance on an extremely consistent basis, the negative effects began bubbling to the surface. These “Radium Girls” were unknowingly consuming a potentially lethal substance and would be the first victims of radium poisoning and radioactivity. Not many people knew about the dangers of radioactive substances or radium poisoning and many others had made judgements that were clouded by the perfection of the glowing sensation. In spite of this, the horrific afflictions that the Radium Girls endured helped shift the public perspective of radium from “wonder drug” to “pitiless poison” and started the country on a path to regulating the handling of radioactive

In this experiment, you will have a chance to test the hypothesis that Ernest Rutherford used when determining the size of the nucleus. In his "gold foil experiment," Rutherford shot alpha particles at gold atoms. Once he realized that the alpha particles were hitting a concentrated positive mass, he developed the nuclear model of the atom. Next, he set out to determine the relative size of the nucleus compared to the rest of the atom. He reasoned that the smaller the nucleus, the less likely it was to be hit by an alpha particle. This led to a simple comparative ratio:

The pioneering work of Becquerel in 1896 (the discovery of uranium), and the Curies (who subsequently discovered radium and polonium and the energy and heat given off by these new elements which they called radioactivity) led to the remarkable work of Ernest Rutherford. He was a physicist, whose experiments showed that some heavier elements spontaneously changed or decayed into lighter elements (unstable 'parent' elements giving off protons and neutrons to form a 'daughter' element) through the process of radioactivity. He discovered that radioactive materials decay at a very predictable rate, and that lead was the final decay product of uranium. Using Rutherford's ideas, Bertram Boltwood pioneered a method of radiometric dating in 1907. He hypothesized that since he knew how long it takes uranium to break down, he could measure the proportions of lead in uranium ores, and use his calculations to date how long those ores had existed,

The book “Radioactive Boy Scout” is a true story about a boy named David Hahn that attended a Michigan high school. His goal was to set out and build a fast breeder reactor in his garden shed. He educated himself in these things by reading popular mechanics and the golden book of chemistry experiments. Whatever he could not get from laboratory suppliers, universities, hospitals, and nuclear agencies, he made himself. David collected household smoke detectors and extracted americium-24. He also got assembled gas mantle covers and pulverized them to get radioactive thorium and took the Geiger counter in to an antique shop where he found a clock with a phial of radium paint left in it. With a little bit of things he had

One of Wilkins’ most talked about achievements was the development of radiation shielding against gamma radiation, emitted during electron decay of the Sun and other nuclear sources. He developed mathematical models by which the amount of gamma radiation absorbed by a given material can be calculated. This technique of calculating radiative absorption is widely used among researchers in space and nuclear science

Growing up in suburban Detroit, David Hahn was fascinated by science. He often conducted experiments in his basement and enjoyed making things such as homemade fireworks, brewing moonshine, and even making his own self-tanning lotion. Hahn especially loved chemistry and spent much of his time doing amateur chemistry experiments. The chemical reactions in these experiments sometimes went wrong and resulted in small explosions. We learned about chemical reactions in class this semester. He loved to read “The Golden Book of Chemistry Experiments” that his father had given him and tried to collect samples of every element in the periodic table, including the radioactive ones. We learned in class about the elements in the periodic table and how they are identified.

who said “All this colonial business is a sham, but we need it for elections”

The Philadelphia experiment was an experiment conducted by the U.S navy in 1943 that caused an event that transported a man through time, but was it real? People at that time thought it was just a hoax; many movies and documentaries were made to explain different theories and thoughts brought up by scientists but the videos received many negative reviews because the stories were too impossible to believe. What actually happened in the Philadelphia Experiment has highly been exaggerated and morphed into a way to convince the people of other nations that the U.S Navy accidentally invented teleportation. The Philadelphia experiment accident isn’t real because it’s implausible, and has too many elements that are extremely hard to believe.

The Philadelphia Experiment is one of the U.S’s greatest unsolved mysteries. In 1943, the USS Eldridge was believed to have become invisible. After this alleged experiment occurred, many of the crew aboard the ship disappeared never to be heard from again. Also with the disappearances, many coincidences followed the mystery such as the occurrence of Morris K. Jessup’s death. The Philadelphia Experiment is still unsolved today because even though the Navy claims it has never occurred, this would not be the first time the Navy and U.S Government has tried to cover an event such as this up.

The so-called Philadelphia Experiment was an alleged experiment by US Navy occurs in 1943. Some claims that the experiment is to make the USS Eldridge invisible to the enemy. Unfortunately, what happened next is that the ship becomes invisible for ten seconds. It was speculated that the ship, including the crew, traveled to another timeline. Although this was refuted by the US Navy and claiming that this is just a hoax, many are still skeptical about it.

The American actress, Kelly Rutherford has been frustrated at her case being thrown out of court, regarding the legal battle with ex-husband Daniel Giersch over custody of their son Hermes 8 years old, and their 6 year old daughter, Helen. The court decided that their kids will be sent back to Monaco to live with their father.

The Little Albert experiment has become a famous case study that has been discussed by a plethora of professionals in the psychology industry. In 1920, behaviorist John Watson and his assistant Rosalie Rayner began to conduct the first experiment that had been done with a child. Watson and Rayner chose Albert because they thought he was stable; he was accustomed to a hospital environment due to his mother’s career as a wet nurse, he was healthy and showed little emotion. Stability played a major factor in choosing Albert for this case study because Watson wanted to ensure that they would do as little harm as possible with the experiment. The conditioning of Albert began with a series of emotional tests that became part of a routine in which Watson and Rayner were “determining whether fear reactions could be called out by other stimuli than sharp noises and the sudden removal of support” (-----). Watson’s method of choice for this experiment was using principles of classic conditioning to create a stimulus in children that would result in fear. Since Watson wanted to condition Albert, he used a variety of objects that would otherwise not scare him. These objects included white rat, dog, blocks, rabbit, fur coat, wool and a Santa Claus mask.

He positioned a variety of metal foil in the route of the alpha rays, including gold, silver, tin, copper and aluminium (at different times) to observe whether the flashes of light moved, spread out, or changed at all. He found that as the various metals disrupted the paths of the rays the flashes become more spread out. This result indicated that alpha particles were being deflected as they passed through the metals. Rutherford wanted to know if alpha particles could be deflected at a larger angle, as the current tool developed by Geiger could only measure deflection of up to a few angles.

His discovery to radioactivity helped a lot of other scientists. If Henri hadn't discovered it Ernest Rutherford

The Philadelphia Experiment is possibly one of the most puzzling things in the United States Navy’s history. The experiment has racked up quite a few believers and non-believers over the span of 73 years since it apparently took place. Over the years the stories of the baffling experiment have been twisted and formed into what we now know, obviously the idea of teleportation and optical invisibility is very illogical, especially in the 1940’s, but the idea isn’t so peculiar to the minds of the people who believe the experiment took place and was successful; many things make the conspiracy seem true like the deaths of two men in particular but there are also ways to prove teleportation and optical invisibility were not achieved like: firsthand