Erupting Research Paper

There are different types of volcanoes, such as shield volcanoes, composite volcanoes, and cinder cone volcanoes that are mentioned in Chapter 9, page 312 of Earth Science. (Refer to figure 2 for volcano type examples.)

A volcano is an earth hazard that occurs on faults between tectonic plates on a destructive boundary and an eruption is a natural disaster. A primary impact happens immediately after the disaster and before any response like death or collapsing or destruction of buildings. A secondary impact occurs later after the disaster, such less farm produce or a reduction in tourism. The severity of these impacts will differ considerably in a MEDC and LEDC where volcanic eruptions have taken place. These may be seen in the Mount St. Helen volcano eruption as well as in the Iceland volcanic eruption. They may also

analyse the factors that cause differences in the hazards posed by volcanoes around the world (40 marks)

The volcanoes are located where there is a divergence or convergence in the tectonic plates and bring their lava from the deepest of the terrestrial mantle. The materials and explosions of these ginates represent a constant risk in the places inhabited by the human being, nevertheless the people ususually live in these areas no matter the risk. On the other hand the volcanos can change the geology of an impressive form, or to cool the temperature of the earth, or to darken the sky. The scientific community increases its efforts to try to understand better what happens in volcanoes, however it is impossible to predict these conditions.

There are many differences between the volcanoes for example the explosivity of the two volcanoes most recent eruptions are completely different Kilauea is almost constantly flowing and has virtually no explosions at all it also has low viscosity lava flows running from it constantly where as MT st Helens is completely different in MT st Helens most devastating eruption in 1980

The location of the volcano is also important. If it is situated on a constructive plate boundary then it is generally less explosive, and therefore poses different threats to volcanoes situated on a destructive plate boundary. The volcano may also be situated on a hotspot like in Hawaii, where the eruptions aren’t very explosive. Volcanos which aren’t explosive can pose other threats to lava flows though, such as dangerous gases being released. Like in Lake Nyos, Cameroon where 1700 people died.

Feel free to stretch, it's been a long ride. We will be stopping by a restaurant later to get some lunch. In front of you, you can see Humphreys Peak, the tallest mountain in the San Francisco Peaks. The San Francisco Peaks is actually a volcanic mountain range and is part of the San Francisco volcanic field. The peaks were once a stratovolcano but is now eroded and are the remains of the volcano. It is the only stratovolcano in the San Francisco Volcanic Field. The tallest mountain, Humphreys Peak, is about twelve thousand, six hundred and thirty-three feet in elevation, which is also three thousand, eight hundred and fifty-one meters tall. In fact, Humphreys Peak is the tallest point in all of Arizona. Also in this area, are more than six hundred volcanoes. Most of the volcanoes found here are basalt cinder cones. These volcanoes are relatively small. They are also usually less than one thousand feet in elevation. Another fact about these basalt cinder cones is that they are formed within a range of a couple of months to a couple of years. The San Francisco Volcanic Field also has several lava domes. Lava domes are formed by dacite and rhyolite magmas. Both of those types of magma are very rich and high in silica. So, as a result, the dacite and rhyolite magmas are very viscous and thick. As a matter of fact, the magmas are so viscous is thick that when volcanoes erupt, the magma tends to pile up and form very steep sided masses, which are the domes.

The Earth’s outer crust is made up many tectonic plates that move over the surface of the planet. When the plates come collide, volcanoes will form sometime (National Ocean Service). Volcanoes can also form in the middle of a plate, where magma rises upward until it erupts on the sea floor, at what is called a “hot spot” (National Ocean Service). A hot spot is a plume of magma or molten rock that rises from within the Earth then reaches the surface forming underwater volcanoes which may grow tall enough to

Some landforms around the Axial Seamount art the Juan De Fuca ridge and plate, the Pacific Plate, mid ocean ridges, subduction zones, and a caldera . A caldera is volcanic crater that is very big. They can be made from two things, a very big volcanic eruption or rocks from the surface entering an empty magma chamber. The Axial Seamount has a caldera at its summit.

To begin, a volcano is a mountain with an opening in the top or side that sometimes sends out rocks, ash, lava, in a sudden eruption (Merriam-Webster, n.d.). A volcano erupts when pressure builds inside the mountain. Magma, lava while it is inside the volcanoe, pushes through the weakened crust. When this built up pressure is released, Earth’s plates move causing a volcanic eruption. Also, dangerous flows of steaming lava can reach up to 2,000

Cinder Cone: A conical volcanic hill formed by an accumulation of coarse pyroclastic material erupted from the volcano; also known as a scoria cone.

Considering there was such devastation from the May 8th eruption there was a few eye witnesses who were able to give their accounts on what happened that day. On the night of May 2, a small eruption of Mount Pelée meant that the town’s attention was fully on it. Witnesses said Pelée’s summit seemed to catch fire, spewing glowing rocks and rendering the midnight sky incandescent. The morning of May 3rd, the residents of St. Pierre found birds that had fallen from the sky, as they were weighed down by ash. Reports of a steamer captain noticing dead fish floating in the sea could have meant that the fish had been killed by a submarine earthquake that sent a shock wave through the sea. Within Ellery S Scott’s account of the 1902 disaster he claimed that the volcano threatened as early as 3rd may when the smoke came from the crater as well as ‘the people of Le Precheur, at the very base of the western slope of Pelée had for some time been smelling sul-phurous gases in the air, the forerunner of the great outburst that was even then ma¬king ready to shoot forth from beneath the rocky crust of the volcano.’ These signs should have given the people of Saint Pierre enough chance to evacuate.

Volcanoes are formed when magma from within the Earth's upper mantle works its way to the surface. At the surface, it erupts to form lava flows and ash deposits. Over time as the volcano continues to erupt, it will get bigger and bigger.

When tectonic plates shift, spread apart, or collide, they can form a volcano. Scientists have the theory that tectonic plates explain the locations of volcanoes (Brantley). Volcanoes vary based on size, shape, composition, and eruption style. The three types of volcanoes is shield, cinder cone and composite. Shield volcanoes are formed by liquid from lava flows (Fisher). They are large, with broad summits and low-shaping sides which looks like a shield from above. The volcano, Mauna Loa, in Hawaii is an example of a shield volcano. Cinder cone volcanoes are formed by particles and blobs of lava which break into small fragments that solidify during eruption and fall as cinders around the volcano to make the cone shape (Fisher). The volcano, Sunset Crater, in Arizona is an example of a cinder cone volcano. Composite or Stratovolcanoes, are formed by build up layers of past eruptions. These volcanoes can reach to a height that can make their slopes unstable and can collapse from gravity (Fisher). The volcano, St. Augustine, is an example of a composite volcano. Knowing the different types of volcanoes is helpful to scientists who want to study and predict volcanic eruptions.

Two different types of landforms that form at convergent boundaries are mountains and volcanoes. Mountains, such as Mount Everest and K2, are formed when two continental plates collide, which causes the landforms to rise. Volcanoes, such as Mount Saint Helens and Mount Fuji, forms when the more dense oceanic plate subducts under the less dense continental plate and is driven down into the hot asthenosphere. Subducted plate melts due to extreme heat and friction. Melted plate rises up through the crust, where it reaches the surface and cools. Those weak spots allow the magma to come out, forming into lava. There are also volcanic island arcs, which form when two oceanic plates collide, and continental volcanic arcs, which forms when an