Erythrocythemia Research Paper

– Increased WBC will indicate infection, or secondary to trauma (stress reaction); in rare cases may signal hematologic disturbance (i.e., leukemia)

Multiple myeloma (also plasma cell myeloma also known as MM, myeloma, plasma cell myeloma, or as Kahler's disease) is a progressive hematologic (blood) disease. It is a cancer of the plasma cell, an important part of the immune system that produces immunoglobulins (antibodies) to help fight infection and disease.

Anemia is a disorder of the blood. It occurs when your body does not produce enough erythrocytes or red blood cells (RBCs). Without the erythrocytes oxygen can not be adequately delivered to the tissues and organs throughout the body. This will cause you to become weak and tired. A person may also experience headaches, skin pallor, and faintness. Your body may attempt to compensate for these symptoms by speeding up the heart rate and respiratory rate. This is the body’s attempt to return oxygen levels to normal(Thibodeau and Patton, 2005).

2. Which of the following terms refers to either a reduction in the quantity of hemoglobin or a reduction in the volume of red blood cells?

The anemia of acute blood loss could be described as which one of the following?

His hematocrit is 52% which is elevated from the normal 45% in men. The polycythemia occurs due to the presence of hypoxemia due to his COPD. The body will produce more red blood cells to attempt to increase the amount of O2 being delivered to the body tissue.

Also known as normocytic anemia. This is the most frequent type of anemia most often happening to males over 85 years old. It is a common problem that occurs to men and women over 85 years old. Symptoms include and are caused by: a reduced production of normal-sized red blood cells even though presence of hemoglobin in the red blood cells is within the standard range; an increased production of HbS as is seen in sickle cell diseases; greater destruction and loss of red blood cells; an increase in plasma volume that is not compensated by anything else; a B2 (riboflavin) deficiency; and a B6 (pyridoxine) deficiency. (Brill & Baumgardner 2000).

1. Anemia, pp. 989. Anemia is a areduction in the total number of erythrocytes in the circulating blood or a decrease in the quality or quantity of hemoglobin. Anemias commonly result from (1) impaired erythrocyte production, (2) blood loss (acute or chronic), (3)increase erythrocyte destruction, or (4) a combination of these three. sThe fundamental physiologic manifestation of anemia is a reduced oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood resulting in tissue hypoxia.

Leads to a reduced ability to form blood clots due to a decreased number of platelets.

Possible causes of polycythemia include Your answer: d. an increase in RBCs, resulting in a higher-than-normal hematocrit. Correct answer: b. living at high altitudes. 4. You would expect anemia to develop in a person You correctly answered: c. who has abnormally shaped hemoglobin in their RBCs.

Low blood counts are a key feature of myelodysplastic syndrome which is the reason for the many symptoms these patients experience. The three types of cytopenia that people with Myelodysplastic Syndrome experience are anemia, neutropenia, and thrombocytopenia which are all low blood cell counts of the three blood cells. Cytopenias can cause anemia, the inability to fight off infections, easy bruising, and spontaneous bleeding. This can be due to the lack of blood cells in the blood stream, but also from dysplasia of the blood cells from the disease. If the cell is deformed, it may not be able to provide the same function as a healthy cell, resulting in the same effect as having cytopenia. Myelodysplastic syndrome is a gradual process and is

From real life example my brother has blood clot that he got three years ago in his leg. Due to him being sickle cell anemic is had yet to go away because of the lack of blood flow in his body. Also his leg has imploded.

Forms of MPNs, including polycythaemia vera can evolve into these forms of myelofibrosis (Tonkin et al., 2012). But, with well-managed essential thrombocythaemia, the life expectancy of a patient is increased to 20 years after their diagnosis (Tonkin et al., 2012). The primary myelofibrosis is categorized by a proliferation of primarily granulocytic and megakaryocytic lineage cells with reductions in erythroid precursors, which cause problems in the white blood cell functions and normal clotting of blood (Geyer & Orazi, 2016). According to Ye, Chen, Zheng, Zhu, Fu, and Huang (2017), with one cycle of decitabine (a myelodysplastic treatment drug) the blasts in a patient’s bone marrow decreased to 0.5%. After ten cycles, the mutation in the JAK2 decreases from 60.63% (average patient) to 0.01% (Ye et al.,

In both severe hemophilia A and severe hemophilia B, the most frequent symptom is spontaneous joint bleeding. Other serious sites of bleeding include the bowel, the brain and soft tissues. These types of bleeding can lead to throwing up blood or passing blood in the stool, stroke, and sudden severe pain in the joints or limbs. Painful bleeding into the soft tissues of the arms and legs can lead to nerve damage.

Hemophilia is a problem with the blood in a person that causes them to bleed not any faster than normal, but they often bleed for a longer period. Their blood is missing the clotting factor (a protein in the bloodstream that works to control bleeding). Hemophilia is quite rare; roughly 1 in every 10,000 persons are born with it. Rarely, hemophilia can be an acquired disease which just means a person is not born with it, but will develop it during their lifetime. This rarity occurs when a person's immune system forms antibodies that attack the clotting factor in the blood. The entire antibody population fights against the blood to prevent the clotting factors from working properly.