Escherichia Coli

2. What are examples of bacteria and pathogen of concern in water that can cause illness?

Esherichia coli also known as E. coli is a bacterium that lives in your gut. (1). it was founded by Theodore von Esherich in 1888. There are many people that can get the bacteria. Also there are thousands of strands of E.coli. Six E. coli O157 outbreaks were identified during 2007. Four of the outbreaks involved foodborne transmission. (Eshericha Coli). Six Minnesota cases and one Wisconsin case with the same or closely-related PFGE subtype of E. coli O157:H7, and an additional Minnesota case of Shiga-toxin producing E. coli that was not culture-confirmed, attended the Minnesota State Fair in August. All but one of the cases showed cattle or visited the cattle

Escherichia coli are rod shaped, gram negative bacteria often found in the gut of humans and other warm-blooded mammals (Jacques & Ngo, 2004). It is transmitted primarily through faecal contaminated food and water. Most strains of E. coli are not harmful to humans, however some strains are pathogenic and can cause symptoms including diarrhoea (Unknown, 2012).

AIM – The aim of the experiment is to determine the relative effectiveness of several anti-microbial substances on developing pathogens. (E. coli)

E. coli is a single chromosome (haploid). E. coli has 4600 kilobases with about 4300 coding sequences and has around 1800 known E. coli proteins. 70% of its genes are monocistronic and 6% are polycistronic, roughly having the same amount of genes on each strand [2]. E. coli is a member of normal flora that inhabits humans and other animals. E. coli is heterotrophic and usually obtains its food from the organism it is living in. E. coli is dependent on carbon; its main source of carbon is obtained from glucose. E. coli is a facultative anaerobe meaning that it can use oxygen and other electron acceptors as the final acceptor in an anabolic or catabolic pathway. The optimum temperature of E. coli is 37o C,

Escherichia coli O157:H7 causes 73,000 illnesses in the United States annually. A review of E. coli O157 outbreaks reported to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to better understand its epidemiology. E. coli O157 outbreaks revealed that in that period, 49 states reported 350 outbreaks, representing 8,598 cases, 1,493 (17%) hospitalizations, 354 (4%) hemolytic uremic syndrome cases, and 40 (0.5%) deaths. Clinical laboratories began examining more stool specimens for E. coli O157. In 1994, E. coli O157 became a nationally notifiable infection, and by 2000, reporting was mandatory in 48 states. Escherichia coli O157:H7 was first recognized as a pathogen in 1982 during an outbreak investigation of hemorrhagic colitis.

E. Coli is both a necessary bacteria in the human digestive tract and a very harmful toxin

Escherichia Coli, located in one of the main organs known as the large intestine, is a type of bacteria that helps digestion. (Trzepacz, Timmons, and Duobinis-Gray, 2016) For Escherichia Coli to remain stable and alive, it needs specific necessities. These needs are known as the following: Energy, vitamins, and similar compounds. Escherichia Coli is found everywhere!

The orgimsms involved in Escherichia coli 0157 is an anaerobic bacterium which is shaped like a rod and is Gram-negative. Escherichia is a foodborne pathogen which causes a variety of disease in humans worldwide. Cattle are the reservoir to the diseases. Between 1% and 50% of healthy cattle carry or shed E.coli by means of their faeces. The cattle can also contract the infection after slaughter as conmtanation can occur during slaughter or while the beef is being proceed into products suitable for human consumption. In the United states the most common way of transmission of the disease is through consuming contaminated food and water. Although it is also frequently spread from person to person impartial in communities where there is a high concentration of children such as child care services and primary schools.

Breaking news, 107 persons contacted Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacterial infection after visiting a petting zoo at a North Carolina County fair . . . a 2-year-old boy died.¹ E. coli bacterial infection is a growing concern for public health officials in the North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services and other local health departments. This is the most recent condition on E. coli outbreaks in North Carolina. In 2004, E. coli O157:H7 infection was responsible for making 108 visitors to the North Carolina State fair’s petting zoo ill.¹ This condition posed a serious health risk to the unsuspecting petting zoos’ patrons. Kids are more susceptible to these kinds of infections, because they are more prone to touching animals on display; then touching their mouths, noses, and eyes, which can lead to autoinfection. Most people are unaware of the infectious danger that lurks in the innocent coats of these cute furry creatures.

Every year over 96,000 people contract E.Coli, 3,200 of those people are hospitalized for E.Coli, and over 31 people die each year from E.Coli (Food News). E.Coli (otherwise known as Escherichia coli O157:H7) is a disease that is spread in many ways, the most common way being raw and uncooked food in the restaurant being served to the customer. Another way E.Coli is spread is through contact human/animal feces. E.Coli can be prevented, here are some ways to do so; Cook all meats to at least 160 degrees fahrenheit, wash your hands with warm water and soap (especially after touching raw meats), wash off all kitchen supplies thoroughly, use only pasteurized dairy and juice products, use/drink treated water, If you travel to another country that may have unsafe water don’t use tap or ice water, avoid raw fruits and veggies (Web MD).

Microbiomes are made up of bacteria and refer to their collective genes while microbiota is microbes in a community. Rob Knight, one of the pioneers in doing research on microbiomes and how it affects health and disease, found that there are 100 trillion microbes that live within the human body. Scientist had to invent something they could see microbes with, that invention was the microscope. The microscope is more than three hundred years old. With the microscope they can use the scientific method with a petri dish with bacteria and see how microbes grow in the tissue culture.

Escherichia Coli also known as E. coli is a form of bacteria that can cause foodborne illness. While these bacteria are naturally found in the human intestines E. coli can cause a variety medical conditions including certain organ failure, death, and Urinary Tract Infection (Nordstrom &et.al, 2013,1). To avoid E. coli infections, which are often caused by foodborne illnesses, they are generally two schools of thought. The first of these deal with Agriculture practices that lessen the likely hood that consumers may contract an illness according to name year. The article titled Comparative examination of Escherichia Coli O157:H7 survival on romaine lettuce and in soil at two independent experimental sites look at the ag practices of till

Escherichia coli are commonly found in lower intestine of warm blooded animals. Most E. coli are harmless. The bacteria can be grown easily and its genetics are relatively simple and easy to study, making it the best-studied prokaryotic organism. Certain strains of E. coli can produce toxins that can cause food poisoning when eating unwashed vegetables. (Wikipedia, 2010)

coli used is equivalent to the bacteria known to cause illnesses such as food sickness. To alleviate these misconceptions it will be necessary to make clear that the E. coli strains used in our product are different than strains found to cause illness in humans. It may also improve consumer trust to make clear that E. coli is merely a vessel to deliver our device and will not cause any harm.