Escherichia Coli Investigation

E. Coli is both a necessary bacteria in the human digestive tract and a very harmful toxin

Escherichia coli are gram negative, rod shaped bacteria that are often used in laboratory studies and are usually harmless, residing in the human digestive tract as part of the normal flora. E. coli 0157:H7 is a pathogenic strain of E. coli that was first identified as a cause of disease in the United States in 1982, during an investigation into an outbreak of gastrointestinal illness. The organism is also called enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) because it causes abdominal pain with diarrhea that may contain blood. It lives in the intestines of healthy cattle and can contaminate meat during slaughter. It is believed that the widespread use of antibiotics by American farmers has

Foodborne illnesses is an important problem in the United States, which cause a total of 19,056 infections, 4,200 hospitalizations, and 80 deaths were reported in 2013. Moreover, foodborne illnesses cost the United States an estimated $152 billion per year in healthcare (Scharff, 2010; CDC, 2014). E. coli O157 belonged Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC), it was usually classified pathotypically as enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) (Bryan et al., 2015). Between 2000 and 2010 have 5688 cases of O157 STEC infections were reported by FoodNet sentinel states, while the rate of O157 STEC infection decreased from 2.17 to 0.95 per 100,000 (Gould et al., 2013). By the way, Magwedere et al. (2013) also reported retail ground meat samples were purchased at grocery stores, local farmers’ markets, and online vendors, out of 16 ground chicken samples, 7 samples tested positive for O157 STEC. On the other hand, E. coli also causes diverse extraintestinal infections by uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC), urinary tract infections (UTI) is a good example to illustrate. The economic burden associated with urinary tract infections is estimated to be approximately 1.5 billion in the United States annually. According to previous studies, the food animal and meat reservoir might exist and isolate from retail chicken meat products for UPEC (Jakobsen et al., 2010; Shortlidge et al., 2013; Natalie et al., 2015). In recent research suggested UPEC besides the ability to

The gram-negative bacilli were first discovered and described by Theodor Escherich, a German pediatrician in 1885. Originally named as Bacterium coli commune, the name was changed to Escherichia coli (E.coli) (Stanford T. Shulman et al., 2007). E.coli is known as the most free-living organism being studied. More than 700 E.coli serotypes have been discovered. Their “O” antigen (somatic), and “H” antigen (flagellar) and “K” antigen (capsular) distinguish the different E.coli serotypes. E.coli is commensal bacterial species of the mammalian colon. The bacterium typically colonizes the gastrointestinal tract of an infant within a few hours of life. It is known that E.coli and its human host-derived a mutual benefit that they coexist in good health. Most of E.coli strains are harmless except in immunocompromised hosts, or when gastrointestinal barriers are violated that even non-pathogenic strains can cause disease. Nevertheless, there are certain serotypes that may cause disease in humans and animals. Pathogenic E.coli can be divided into six recognized diarrheagenic categories: enteropathogenic E.coli (EPEC), Shiga toxin-producing E.coli (STEC), enterotoxigenic E.coli (ETEC), enteroaggregative E.coli (EAEC), enteroinvasive E.coli (EIEC) and diffusely adherent E.coli (DAEC) (James B. Kaper et al., 2004). E.coli caused a major health problem in developing countries such as China and Korea. It has been found to be associated with most gastrointestinal diseases in

E. coli, Bacteria (Domain), Proteobacteria (Phylum), Gammaproteobacteria (Class), Enterobacteriales (Order), Enterobacteriaceae (Family), Escherichia (Genus), coli (Species), is a gram-negative, facultative anaerobic, rod-shaped bacterium, with optimum growing temperatures at 37° C. This bacterium is commonly found in the lower intestines of warm-blooded animals. E. coli makes up about 0.1% of gut flora and most strains are harmless. Some are part of the normal gut flora and help their host by producing vitamin K2 and preventing colonization of the intestine with pathogenic bacteria (CDC, 2014). E. coli makes ATP by aerobic respiration if oxygen is present, but can switch to fermentation or anaerobic respiration if oxygen is limited or absent. The end product of fermentation is lactate, succinate, ethanol, acetate, and carbon dioxide (CDC, 2014; EPA, 2014).

Regardless of the pathogenic E. coli, some species are non-pathogenic strains which are normal and ecological essential inhabitants of the human and animal gastrointestinal tracts. Non-pathogenic and pathogenic E. coli differ with respect to the presence of genetic information that may

There are many natural remedies that are useful and effective in the treatment of urinary tract infections.

One of the most common causes of food-borne illness is the bacteria Escherichia coli (PETA, 2011) that can be transmitted through ingestion of contaminated food and water and may cause diarrhea and vomiting. The most common manifestation of the infections caused by the bacteria is the gastroenteritis, an inflammation of the intestines that is a result from bacterial toxins that leads to vomiting and diarrhea, and urinary tract infections. The discovery of E. coli was made through the German bacteriologist Theodor Escherich where the bacteria was named after. It was considered to be an important public history (Marler Clark 2015). These bacteria usually lodge in the intestines of different animals including chickens where they are considered

In this article we are going to give you a natural solution for numerous of disease. It is the best natural antibiotic which is used for years from people around the world.

E.coli is a rod shaped bacteria that is found to be gram-negative, which is one of the two characteristic a bacteria has the other one being gram-positive. Gram-negative bacteria such as E.coli have thin layer of cell walls being composed by a particular substance called peptidoglycan which offers protection to the cell. Gram-negative bacteria such as E.coli are responsible for many types of infection and are common causes of food-borne diseases. E.coli are commonly found in the lower intestine of warm-blooded animals (A.Hartstock, 2015). It was discovered by a German bacteriologist called Dr Escherich in the human colon in 1885 (About E.coli, 2015). Dr Escherich explains that certain strains of E.coli are harmless, however strains such as

As what Moore (2011) explained that her last 10 years, she had the pleasure of using essential oils as the natural medicine. It is chemically complex and can be quite potent when it comes to killing bacteria. Among all the different essential oils that have been tested, oregano oil is well documented and it is best known for controlling bacterial infections specifically, it is used as a natural staph treatment, considering that oregano is one of the “big gun” essential oils. She also considered it as a potent natural

Soluprep, a hospital grade antiseptic composed of 2% Chlorhexidine and 70% Isopropyl alcohol; and Tea Tree Oil, a natural antiseptic composed of Melaleuca Oil. Both antiseptics have been thoroughly studied to determine their effects as antibacterials on their respective microorganisms. This review will focus on three articles exploring the effects of the Chlorhexidine, Isopropyl Alcohol and Melaleuca Oil in regards to Escherichia coli (E.coli), and Staphylococcus epidermidis, (S.epidermidis).

Through experimentation as well as research, we identify Amoxicillin as an antibiotic drug within the penicillin group that fights the bacteria by preventing them to form cell walls, inhibiting protein synthesis therefore removing the ability for further growth of the bacteria culture. In doing so kills the bacteria, inhibits growth and eradicates infections, placing it in the category of a bactericide. Amoxicillin however is a used to inhibit a bacterium that causes tonsillitis, bronchitis, pneumonia, gonorrhoea, and infections of the ear, nose, throat, skin. Amoxicillin, is a weaker more limited spectrum of antibiotic and therefore if a new experiment was conducted against stronger more specific antibiotics that treat E.Coli, there is a possibility that amoxicillin wouldn’t be the best in comparison to other antibiotics. This thought is lead by the fact that although the zone of inhibition in this experiment was large. It didn’t cover the whole agar plate; also because from research we are aware that amoxicillin is specific to bacteria that are located in the face, neck and chest area leading to believe that there is a specific antibiotic for the bacteria

The Escherichia coli (E. coli) is a facultative gram negative rod-shaped bacterium. It is commonly seen in the intestinal tract of humans and animals. E. coli is the most rampant member of the large bacterial family, Enterobacteriaceae, (Sorumand, 2001). This intestinal bacterium can be easily spread in diverse ecosystems. For this purpose, faecal E. coli is noted to be a key indicator for the selective density applied by the use of antimicrobials on intestinal inhabitants of bacteria (van den Bogaard and Stobberingh, 2000). E. coli and associated bacteria comprise about 0.1% of gut flora, and faecal-oral transmission is the main route through which pathogenic strains of the bacterium cause

Antibiotics are a term refers to substances produced by microorganisms that can harm and inhibit or destroy other microorganisms, specifically bacteria (15). Antibiotics can be produced naturally or unnaturally via pharmaceutical industries using large-scale processes of fermentation. The antibiotics discovery has been of great significance due to in many clinical settings the antibiotics generally are the best way to destroy bacteria which cause infections in humans and animals. In 1910, The Salvarsan use in the treatment of syphilis was the first application of antibiotics (15). In 1930, the antibiotics application was continued with sulphonamides. In addition, the first use of penicillin was in 1941 in the bacterial