Escitalopram Case Study

All antidepressants work in a similar way, though there are various types of antidepressants—often called “families”—that each work a bit differently. They all, however, increase the brain’s concentration of various neurotransmitters. Antidepressants are psychiatric medications given to patients with depressive disorders to alleviate symptoms. They correct chemical imbalances of neurotransmitters in the brain which probably cause changes in mood and behavior. Antidepressants may be used for a wide range of psychiatric conditions, including social anxiety disorder, anxiety disorders. Antidepressants were initially developed in the 1950s. Their use has become progressively more common over the last twenty years. Generally speaking, anti­psychotic

ii. Serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) which you may have heard of as Pristiq, Cymbalta or Effexor, though they are a more recent addition to the antidepressants. Then we have,

It all determines if the NPD patient has an Axis I diagnosis of major depression or any depressive symptoms relative to egotistic pathology that will influence the lengthen the course of treatment. Different types of SSRI’s are Celexa, Lexapro, Prozac, Luvox CR, and many others. Celexa, or Citalopram, can enhance the serotonin activity in the neuronal membrane. Lexapro, or Escitalopram, is used to treat depression in NPD patients and relief of depression can occur faster with this antidepressant better than any other antidepressant. Prozac, or Fluoxetine, inhibits presynaptic serotonin with little to no effect on the reuptake of norepinephrine or dopamine. Luvox CR, or Fluvoxamine, has fewer adverse effects than tricyclic antidepressants (Ambardar,

The belief is that antidepressants work by increasing levels of a group of chemicals in the brain called neurotransmitters. Certain neurotransmitters, such as serotonin and noradrenaline, can improve mood and emotion, although we do not yet fully understand this process

Escitalopram, Lexapro, advantages would be minimal interactions with other medications have been documented, marginal sedation, and less weight gain (Preston & et al, 2013). A big disadvantage is at the start of taking this medication, anxiety can be caused (Preston & et al, 2013). When Marcus first starts taking the medication, he needs to be aware that if he experiences any worsening depression, extreme worry, panic attack, problems staying asleep, or aggressive behavior to alert his provider (Perry, Alexander, Liskow, & DeVane, 2007). Lexapro normally can take from one to four weeks before the effects are felt and the normal dose is 10 to 20 milligrams (AFHS, 2012).

This includes bupropion (Wellbutrin), which is also a smoking cessation aid and a norepinephrine and dopamine reuptake inhibitor (NDRI), desipramine (norpramin), which is also prescribed for nerve pain, maprotiline (Ludiomil), mirtazapine (Remeron), and trazodone (Desyrel), which is also used as a sedative. The side effects of these medications are increased or decreased appetite, nausea, vomiting, indigestion, constipation, headache, dry mouth, insomnia, increased sweating, nervousness, reduced sexual desire, difficulty reaching sexual climax, and erectile dysfunction.

According to the DBSA in the US alone depression affects 6.7% of adults. This is approximately 14.8 million people who are diagnosed yearly. Depression puts you at a risk four times higher than that of a non depressed person for a heart attack. The majority of depressed peoples are women. In the medical world there are many techniques to combat depression. There are many forms of prescription antidepressants including; selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), atypical antidepressants, tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), and monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs). Thanks to Ed Likovich, Kasey Russell, Richard Schwartz, Jacqueline Olds and Tom Hayes there is another form of prescribed antidepressant that we now know as Sunsprite.

According to the National Center for Health Statistics, antidepressants, are the most commonly prescribed medications in America where about one of ten Americans are prescribed to them. Dr. Joseph Glenmullen, a Harvard catalyst reports on the safety of these highly prescribed antidepressant drugs popularly known as: Paxil, Prozac, Luvoz, Zoloft, and Celexa; saying these drugs can be very dangerous when taken in

These drugs, known as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI), affect neurotransmitter serotonin levels by inhibiting the body’s ability to remove serotonin when the brain tells it to.

The pertinent findings will be explained, and their implications on future anti-depressants will be addressed.

Antidepressants Fluoxetine These types of medications chance the chemical balance in the brain, therefore changing the psychological state of the individ ual. they are often used in the treatment of depression and anxiety. Blurred vision and d rowsiness, feeling dizzy, restless nauseous and an increase in appetite are all common side effects.

three groups.Monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) medicines block the monoamine oxidase enzyme (MAO) from destroying monoamine neurotransmitters, which allows them to accumulate, alleviating depression. Serotonin selective reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) medications block the serotonin reuptake pump, allowing the serotonin neurotransmitter to remain and accumulate in the receptor for longer. Speaking of serotonin specifically, depression has been related to a deficiency of the 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) neurotransmitter as evidenced by the concentrations of the

Antidepressant is one of medication that a patient should not skip their doses due to possible severe rebound reactions. Because of these consideration,

The linkage of serotonin to depression has been known for the past five years. From numerous studies, the most concrete evidence of this connection is the decreased concentration of serotonin metabolites like 5-HIAA (5-hydroxyindole acetic acid) in the cerebrospinal fluid and brain tissues of depressed people. If depression, as suggested, is a result of decreased levels of serotonin in the brain, pharmaceutical agents that can reverse this effect should be helpful in treating depressed patients. Therefore, the primary targets of various antidepressant medications are serotonin transports of the brain. Since serotonin is activated when released by neurons into the synapse, antidepressants function at the synapse to enhance serotonin activity. Normally, serotonin's actions in the synapse are terminated by its being taken back into the neuron then releases it at which point "it is either recycled for reuse as a transmitter or broken down into its metabolic by products and transported out of the brain." As a result, antidepressants work to increase serotonin levels at the synapse by blocking serotonin reuptake (2).

The first step to treating many of these new cases of depression is the prescription and use of antidepressant medication, however this has cause a mass flooding of our society with unnecessary prescription drugs. Due to the ease of treatment, primarily with prescription drugs, and the large range of severity in depression is often over diagnosed, adding to the problem.