Escitalopram Research Paper

The pain spoke meanwhile sadness pierced through skins, however, the drugs was able to silence the beast within. Antidepressant the legal drug of choice is prescribed by doctors to treat a variety of medical conditions. These drugs are often prescribed by themselves or sometimes with others with the intent of having a greater effect on the beast within. Antidepressants come in several classes with each being stronger than the one before. Although antidepressants are often prescribed to treat depression in recent times the distribution of these drugs across the medical field have widened. Since the 1950s, medical personnels have moved from having two antidepressants: iproniazid and monoamine-oxidase inhibitor used to treat tuberculosis to now

All antidepressants work in a similar way, though there are various types of antidepressants—often called “families”—that each work a bit differently. They all, however, increase the brain’s concentration of various neurotransmitters. Antidepressants are psychiatric medications given to patients with depressive disorders to alleviate symptoms. They correct chemical imbalances of neurotransmitters in the brain which probably cause changes in mood and behavior. Antidepressants may be used for a wide range of psychiatric conditions, including social anxiety disorder, anxiety disorders. Antidepressants were initially developed in the 1950s. Their use has become progressively more common over the last twenty years. Generally speaking, anti­psychotic

Zoloft was first introduced to the United States in 1980’s. Another name for Zoloft is sertraline and is in a group of antidepressants called selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. At first Zoloft was made to treat major depressive disorder, but as the drug progressed over time it can now treat panic disorder, social anxiety disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, and premenstrual dysphoric disorder. Zoloft is the most commonly used antidepressant because it works extremely well, it is safe, and its side effects are not as serious as other antidepressants.

Some of the side effects are: Loss of appetite, Nausea and vomiting, weakness and fatigue, weight gain, premature menopause and hair loss.

Risperdal (Risperidone) has been used for a number of different mental health disorders. It has been used for Schizophrenia, Bipolar I disorder, and to help with irritability in children with Autism. There are a number of different things that will be covered in this paper such as the chemical makeup of the medication, the appearance, side effects, off label use, side effects, administration, and how it works, with other additional information.

Pt is currently on citalopram 20 mg one-half tablet by mouth once daily. Citalopram is appropriate as first line therapy for treatment of major depression per APA Practice guidelines. Starting dose of citalopram is also appropriate as patient is elderly. Citalopram has no major drug interactions with pt’s current medications or current medical conditions. Pt reports tolerating it well and has been adherent to

The most common side effects include bleeding gums, diarrhea, constant chills, loss of appetite, nausea, unusual weight gain or loss, and tingling hands. More serious side effects include delusions ("beliefs that are not true" dictionary.com), back or side pain, abnormal dreams, change of personality, lip smacking, irritability, and vomiting. The drug can also cause anxiety, rapidly changing moods, and hyperventilation. Less common side effects include small red- purple dots on the skin, yellow eyes, swollen joints, hair thinning, and excessive urination. Other less common side effects are puffy cheeks, loss of strength, loss of bladder control, and dizziness.

The Swedish Prescribed Drug Register was a major data source because it aided researchers to evaluate the impact that the drug may have with ECT. The pharmacological treatments such as: quetiapine, valproate, antidepressants, benzodiazepines, anxiolytics, hydroxyzine and central stimulants were reviewed during this experiment to keep track of any effects the drugs may cause. During this research these medications were chosen because of its significance in slowing down the progressive symptoms of bipolar depression.

Although the treatment of choice for Generalized Anxiety Disorder is Cognitive Therapy Disorder, medications administration is often accompanied. Medications can consist of Anti-depressants, buspirone, benzodiazepines or other medications such as pregabalin, opipramol, and hydroxyzine which are not well studied. The first line medications in treatment are Anti-depressants or selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) and serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI). Which are one of the safest among the prescribed medications for generalized anxiety disorder. Benzodiazepines are often prescribed with the antidepressant because of the length of time it takes for the antidepressant to take effect (mayoclinic, 2017). Side effects

As for Chlorpromazine this anytpsychotic medication was first introduced in 1957 and shown to reduce hospitalization (Preston, O’Neal and Talaga, 2017). It is known to reduce symptoms of calmness and sedation (Advokat, Comaty and Julien, 2014). Chlorpromazine would be suggested only if Resperidone or Abilify were not effective.

Anxiolytics are medications that decrease anxiety while hypnotics promote sleep. Some medications termed benzodiazepines are effective and used predominantly for anxiety but aid sleep due to having sedating properties. Benzodiazepine intended uses are for anxiety (general, panic, anticipatory and anxiety secondary to stress), sleep, side effects of other medications, agitation, alcohol and other sedative/hypnotic withdrawal and muscle spasms. Benzodiazepines include diazepam, lorazepam, clonazepam and alprazolam where all possess addictive properties. Other medications useful in treating anxiety without sedating properties include buspirone and D-cycloserine.

Citalopram is a prescription only, anti-depressant drug used to treat depressive illness, panic disorder and mood disorders (Hammen, 1997). Like most anti-depressants, Citalopram is a selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor (SSRI). This means it prevents the neurotransmitter Serotonin from being reabsorbed by neurones and hence increasing its concentration in the brain (Fernández-Pastor & Ortega & Meana, 2013). Serotonin is responsible for maintaining mood balance and a feeling of happiness, and so increasing its levels can successfully relieve the symptoms of depression.

Citalopram, which was one of the first selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors approved by the Food and Drug Administration, is one of the antidepressant drugs that clinicians prescribe for routine generalized depression.3 “Thirty-seven trials compared citalopram with other antidepressants (such as tricyclics, heterocyclics, SSRIs and other antidepressants, either conventional ones, such as mirtazapine, venlafaxine and reboxetine, or non-conventional, like hypericum). Citalopram was shown to be significantly less effective than escitalopram in achieving acute response (odds ratio (OR) 1.47, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.08 to 2.02), but more effective than paroxetine (OR 0.65, 95% CI 0.44 to 0.96) and reboxetine (OR 0.63, 95% CI 0.43 to 0.91). Significantly fewer patients allocated to citalopram withdrew from trials due to adverse events compared with patients allocated to tricyclics (OR 0.54, 95% CI 0.38 to 0.78) and fewer patients allocated to citalopram reported at least one side effect than reboxetine or venlafaxine (OR 0.64, 95% CI 0.42 to 0.97 and OR 0.46, 95% CI 0.24 to 0.88, respectively).”4 Citalopram is a great drug choice for depression due to its low cost, good efficacy, and reduction of the amount of side effects. 4, 8

The first compounds of the triazolobenzodiazepine structure were synthesized at the end of the 1960s by a team of specialists from the USA, but it was 10 years before the tranquilizers appeared in the triadolobenzodiazepine group. Alprazolam (Xanax), which has been on sale since 1981, is

The chemical name of Lexapro is Escitalopram. The IUPAC name is (1S)-1-[3-(dimethylamino) propyl]-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-3H-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrile, and the molecular formula is C20H21FN2O.2 Lexapro is used for treating major anxiety and depression in adolescents and adults. When diagnosed with depression, you lack the chemical serotonin. Serotonin is made in both the brain and intestines, linking