Essay

The marriage of Catherine to Henry VIII was a political alliance, which bound Spain and England and was viewed as a marriage of strategy. The Pope refused to allow Henry the ability to annul his marriage to Catherine, who could not provide him with a male heir, therefor he was unable to marry Anne Boleyn, and Henry became increasing agitated. He was presented with a banned book, which expressed the author’s view of faults and imperfections of the Roman Catholic Church and the way in which leaders of the church abused their power. This gave him the idea to abolish or reduce the church’s influence within England thereby increasing his own power and separating the Catholic church’s influence over

One of Luther’s and Henry VIII’s differences were their reasons for religious change. In the German states, Martin Luther realized that the priests were often unqualified, immoral, and corrupted. Due to his lack of assurance of salvation, he felt that salvation could not be achieved through good works or payments, but through justification by faith alone. Since Pope Leo X created an indulgence system to finance the new St. Peter’s Basilica and Johann Tetzel collected the indulgences, he wrote the 95 Theses to indicate the pope’s abuses of power. The churches also had large sums of money and still had absenteeism. The church officials constantly neglected their duties and delegated their responsibilities to others that were unqualified. In contrast to the churches in the German States, the English Church was in healthy condition during the 16th century. They had traditional beliefs that received the loyalty of the people and a well-educated clergy. Also, Christianity was widely-accepted through England. Initially, Henry VIII was against the Reformation. Differing from Luther’s motives, Henry VIII’s motive for religious change stemmed from his personal desire for a son and his love for Anne Boleyn. In 1509, he married Catherine of Aragon, who failed to produce a male heir. He wanted an annulment of his marriage in favor of political stability in England, a future ruler, and love for someone else. Both of their motives stemmed from the actions of the papacy because of the church’s need for support and wealth.

Do you agree with the view that Thomas Cromwell was the driving force in the break with Rome in the years to 1534?!

1. Understand how legislation, frameworks, codes of practice and policies relate to positive behaviour support.

The party in government is made up of ___________ and has direct impact on governmental policy; it is largely independent of ___________________.

The split from Rome had made England vulnerable and Thomas Cromwell had suggested his next wife to be of a political match, much like the first. Anne of Clebes was the chosen match. The marriage took place on January 6, 1540, and by then Henry was already looking for ways to get out of the marriage. The King did not find his new bride attractive and had found an attraction to a young Kathryn Howard. Anne gave the King no problems with his annulment proceedings.

King Henry VIII was an important figure in helping to kick start the Reformation in England, even though it was not his intent. His break with the Papacy and his constantly changing ideas on how the new Church of England should be run gave the Protestants the foothold they needed to gain popularity in Europe. Although his intentions were purely politically motivated, he started a change in the way the layman viewed the church and how it should be run.

As king of England, Henry has the power and the unquestionable authority to act based off his own desires even if they are not legally or morally acceptable. Because his current wife, Catherine, who was also his brother’s widow, has failed to birth a son, he wishes to divorce her and take Queen Anne as his new wife. Without a male heir to the throne, Henry’s lineage will come to an end and England will be left without a successor. He admits this to More during their meeting in Act 1, saying,

Another diplomatic situation that stacked against Henry, was the lack of allies he had, and especially the fact that he had no powerful allies to support him in his struggle, or powerful enough to oppose the Pope and Charles. With it looking that Henry had absolutely no diplomatic power or control in this situation, it was looking that he would stand almost no chance in changing the mind of the Pope and Charles into agreeing to the annulment.

The flaw in the Dodd’s concluding religious change as the primary motivation of rebellions in both England and Ireland during the Tudor rule, is that religion had no presence in any rebellions before the 1530’s. During the reign of Henry VII it was never expected religion would become a major cause as prior to the turning point of Henry VIII’s reformation the Church in England was a loyal part of the Roman Catholic Church headed by the pope for nine hundred years. This was evident as Before Henry VIII ascension to the throne, his father Henry VII faced seven rebellions, four of which were dynastic. Therefore, it is reasonable to suggest that religion only became a cause for rebellion after the split between England and the Papacy in Rome alongside the Supremacy act being

Kathryn Howard was the daughter of Lord Edmund Howard, a younger brother of Thomas Howard, Duke of Norfolk. She was also first cousin to Anne Boleyn. Kathryn came to court at about the age of 19 as a lady in waiting to Anne of Cleves and there was no doubt that the spirited young girl caught Henry’s attention. Sixteen days after he was free of Anne, Henry took his fifth wife, Kathryn Howard, on July 28, 1540. Henry was 49 and his bride was no older than 19. King Henry lavished gifts on Kathryn and called her his ‘rose without thorn’ and the ‘very jewel of womanhood’. Less than a year into Kathryn marriage the rumors of her infidelity began. In a way, one couldn’t blame her for seeking the company of handsome young men closer to her age. But for that to happen even only in courtly flirtations, was dangerous for a Queen, especially one who came from a powerful family with a lot of enemies. By November 1541, there was enough evidence against the Queen that Archbishop Cranmer informed the King of Kathryn’s misconduct. At first Henry did not believe the accusations, but he agreed to allow further investigations into the matter. There was enough evidence and

Henry the VIII was known for strongly supporting the way the pope felt about Martin Luther, and was even awarded the title “Defender of the Faith”. He stood behind the security of the Tudor dynasty, however never had the son he needed and not believing in divorce tried to annul his marriage to Catherine, which the pope did not support. His intent to have a son was still strong enough that he left the pope and moved in to the head of the Church of England and the bishops there annulled his marriage to Catherine and he married Anne who also did not provide him with a son but another daughter. Again not believing in divorce and deciding not to get an annulment had Anne beheaded on the charge that she committed adultery. There were many marriages

people thought of King Henry as an un-mighty ruler. He used to marry a new wife every day,

It was a beautiful spring day 1534, the river was calm and peaceful, the sun shone down upon the king as he was ferried to the estate of his new Lord Chancellor Sir Thomas More. Thomas and King Henry VIII had been friends for a very long time. This friendship as well as Thomas’ honesty, knowledge and faithfulness made him the King’s most trusted advisor. Because he valued their relationship, he sought Thomas’ approval about a very important matter. After docking, he walked toward his friend’s dwelling. When he saw him, he dismissed his companion and cried out, “Thomas!”

Lindsay’s continuously describes how history is written by the successful. This theme is made prominent as the author talks of the misconceptions of both Ann Boleyn and Anne of Cleves. Ann Boleyn, often portrayed as a woman who sold herself to Henry to get him to divorce Catherine of Aragon, did no such thing. According to Lindsay, “It was not because