Essay On Access To Justice In Assamya

When people say they “want justice”, what do they want? How can we achieve justice as a community?

A few centuries ago in Europe, the fear of witchcraft led to witch hunts and executions. These occurred mostly in France, Germany, northern Italy, and Switzerland. “Tens of thousands of people in Europe and European colonies died,” and “millions of others suffered from torture, arrest, interrogation, hate, guilt, or fear,”. It is estimated that the early modern witch trials claimed the lives of nine million Europeans, 80% of whom were women which led early feminists such as Margaret Murray, Mary Daly and Barbara Ehrenreich, among others, to wonder: “Was the witch-hunt an intentional woman-hunt”. Back then, women were accused of being witches since Accusations of witchcraft required no evidence of guilt. The trials were “intended only to produce

Sen mentions that there are two basic views to justice - one is the ‘arrangement-focused’ approach to justice and the other is ‘realization-focused’ approach to justice. In order to contrast both the approaches, Sen uses two Sanskrit words – niti and nyaya- both these words mean justice. Although the definition of the words is similar, they represent different perceptions of justice. Niti, on one hand focuses on organized institutions and appropriate behaviors in society. Basically, we think about proper procedures and rules when it comes to niti, which is very much the ‘arrangement-focused’ approach to justice. Nyaya, on the other hand is more comprehensive and involves the emerging of a more profound perspective based on the roles of organizations and rules. Nyaya is the ‘realization-focused’ approach to justice, which means that one has to see beyond niti and look at the bigger picture of an issue or scenario. This makes niti more superficial relative to nyaya and one may even imagine niti as a subset of nyaya. Despite niti and nyaya representing different views of justice, it is undeniable that both views equally important.

At one level, it deals with the inadequacies of the law in addressing to the question of justice and at the same time highlights the importance of the law in a society as even in presence of inadequacies, law is needed as it is better than a state of lawlessness.

Christina Larner put the issue of misogyny into perspective when she asked the question, “Was witch-hunting also woman-hunting?” History clearly exemplifies that women were specifically sort out based on their gender. It is not difficult to grasp the fact that witch-hunts were a way to isolate women from their community. Women were subjected to beatings, exploitation and discrimination. They were bound at the feet and submerged into water as a test of survival. This technique however had an undeniable double standard. If the person survived the water torture, the populace confirmed their

The Witch-Hunts of the 16th century in pre-modern Europe, was a very gruesome time in human history. Countless people were executed as they were accused of being “witches”, primarily women. Through the decades, countless historians have been puzzled trying to find an explanation and answer the following question, were the Witch-Hunts in pre-modern Europe Misogynistic? Anne Llewellyn Barstow suggests in her paper “On Studying Witchcraft as Women’s History”, that during this time women were indeed accused and executed based off misogynistic views. She points out how women were singled out and targeted by a male dominant population based on their vulnerability and status. On the other hand historian Robin Briggs argues in his report, “Women

Besides continuing a history of physical violence against women to enforce gender expectations, witchcraft accusations also present men with opportunities for economic advancement through property acquisition. Unlike the spontaneity of witch huntings in response to ailments and misfortune, witchcraft accusations against widows are carefully calculated attacks with the intent of stripping women of land claims granted to them. “Along with a general ideological, religious, and political attack on women, there was also a specific attack on women’s land rights and the strengthening of men’s domination over land” (Kelkar, Nathan, & Satija, 2013, p. 61). Although women do have limited land rights as unmarried daughters, wives, and widows in these

Through a historical standpoint, humanity can be seen as a cyclic development in which old inclinations are further manifested to suit new social orders. As a result, issues that caused mass hysteria in an earlier era are often repeated again and we, just as the people of the old eras, are unable to recognize the flaws in our logic until it is too late. The witch hunts of the 16th and 17th centuries are perfect example, in that looking back today they seem like a stain on the history of mankind, but at the time being not many people stopped to think about the horrific acts they were committing As time progressed, and people no longer felt the need to ruin entire villages in order to fulfill their own philological desires, witch hunts, like many other trends, also came to an end. As of now, this end in mass witch-hunts can often be symbolized by the story of Anna Göldi, who not only signifies the change in how people thought, but also signifies the occurrence of excessive accusations in times of fear and ignorance.

Is there structural inequality in the criminal justice system? When we watch the news or read our newspapers, we can see that most of the criminals portrayed are of African American or Hispanic descent. Being a fan of true crime novels, they even depict more Black male criminals than White males. Are African American males committing more crimes than White males? What factors are involved for Blacks to be more involved in crime? How do African American stereotypes play a role with possible racial profiling from the policing force? Are Blacks treated fairly in the criminal justice system? After much research, I hope to answer these questions and determine if African Americans

Social Justice is the foundation stone of the Indian Constitution. The provisions of the Constitution of

The witch-hunt that blazed a trail across Europe (and indeed the world) over the 15th to 18th centuries stripped women of much of the power they had historically held. Not 100% of all accused Witches were female but 75% to 90% of accused witches in Europe were in fact women (Levack, 1987, p.124).

When considering studies in corrections on a global scale it is important to understand how to utilize the most applicable method to gather knowledge. Comparative studies are often used to explore methods for explicating or developing knowledge and attitudes. Comparative research examines cases with the intention to reveal the structure and invariance or unchanging relationship for an entire group or population. In this case, and for the purpose of this paper, the comparative research is suggested to be used in corrections on a global scale. Several problems arise when using comparative research studies on a global scale. Some of these issues are cross-cultural research between countries, selecting a compatible research design whether

They state that access to justice directs at the impeachments of barriers that confront people living in poverty from utilizing the legal system in the form of three “waves”. The first wave entailed the emergence of legal aid in the developed countries in the period after the Second World War. This wave intended to provide direct legal services to economically disadvantaged persons involved in the justice system. More recently, the United Nations Special Rapporteur on the Independence of Judges and Lawyers (Knaul, A/HRC/23/43, 15 March 2013) state that legal aid seeks to eradicate the barriers which impede access to justice by providing assistance to those who would not otherwise have been able to afford legal representation and access to the court system (Knaul, A/HRC/23/43, 15 March 2013, para. 27). To be more specific, the right to legal aid refers to both a right and an essential guarantee for the effective exercise of other human rights including the right to an effective remedy, the right to equality before the courts and tribunals, the right to counsel and the right to a fair trial (Knaul, A/HRC/23/43, 15 March 2013, para.

To what extent is it a concern that the judiciary of a country is unreflective of the diversity within that countries population?

The traditional method of providing justice has operated to close the doors of Courts to the poor and has caused denial of justice to millions of people. Only a person having ample of time and money is able to afford the services of the judiciary.