Introduction
Alhambra (Cast Alhambra), the palace and fortress of the Moorish monarchs of Granada is located on Sabika hill that overlooks the city of Granada in Spain. In Arabic Al-Hamra’ means “the red one” so the name Alhambra is probably derived from the colour of the sun-dried tapia, or bricks made of fine gravel and clay, of which the outer walls of the palace are built. Alhambra's Islamic palaces, as we know them today, were built for the last Muslim emirs in Spain and the court of the Nasrid dynasty. Moorish poets described it as "a pearl set in emeralds," an allusion to the colour of its buildings and the woods around them. Figure 1 the Alhambra Palace
History
The history of the Alhambra building complex, stretches right back in Islamic times to the 9th century, it was originally constructed as a small fortress in 889 and then
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In the Alhambra, a star shape made of rotating squares is also immensely used and the final impression of a never-ending maze leading the eye to numerous geometrical perspectives can be seen on most of the palace walls.
Arabesque
As mentioned earlier the interlacing decoration and stylised vegetal forms of decorations, these two combined can be called Arabesque, which by definition means “"surface decorations based on rhythmic linear patterns of scrolling and interlacing foliage, tendrils" or plain lines, often combined with other elements.” The plant ornamentation in the Alhambra is encouraged by the constant references to heaven as the garden of happiness. Examples of plants forming large adorning elements on walls can be seen all around the walls of the Sala de la Barca (Boat Room) – in the form of engraved tree trunks with numerous leaves and fruits. Figure 7 Ceiling of the Sala de la Barca in the Comares
HVIII. ARCHITECTURE: Mosques in the old days were decorated beautifully with calligraphy and tile. They also had their own kind of domes that they used on the most important buildings. Used minarets. The specific geometric forms decorating the walls (known as Arabesque) represent the infinite.
Although the best Gothic architecture was religious, magnificent civil and military buildings were also built. One of the most impressive is the Krak of the Knights (1131) in Jordan, a fortress built by the Order of the
Bashana Haba’ah was composed by Nurit Hurish, composer of over 1,000 songs and one of Israel’s most prolific and diverse composers, in 1967. This piece in particular comes from Israel and is a Hebrew song. Jewish music first originated in the Middle East area about 2,000 years ago, specifically in the land of Israel, and has continued to spread from there, soon reaching America, where we now sing and perform it today. Something interesting about this piece is that it was written shortly after the Six-Day War and a lot of the poetry throughout the piece creates a very strong image of a world in peace, without war.
on Relief of A Winged Genius also appears on other reliefs within the palace walls. The
A common Islamic art masterpiece is the use of tiles, more so the Iranian Star-shaped tile (Necipoglu 174). This is a 15th century artwork, probably made during the time when the Timurids ruled over Iran (Doak 136). This star-like tile; as illustrated in Figure I below, has a decoration of geometric shapes leaves and flowers on it, with a major flower being positioned right at the center of the tile. These tiles were made to cover outer walls of buildings, with designs and colorful patterns, to make such structures more beautiful. The tiles were fitted together using mortar on the walls of structures to create a mosaic design that adorned the outer walls of the structures.
elegance, and color. The structure is an octagonal exterior wall placed under a golden dome. The
Tazkira Ahad is a 14 year old teenage girl. She is a 9th grader at Hamtramck High School. She has multiple characteristics that makes her unique from the next person. Each of these traits help define her. They also affect the way she is perceived by the people around her, as well as who she sees as friends. Each individual character trait plays its own important role. This will become clear throughout this essay.
Religious Islamic architecture is intricately related to Muslim prayer which is an obligation to do every day. The Dome of the Rock was said to be the first great Islamic building. The Muslims had taken the city of Jerusalem in 638 created the shrine of worship to commemorate the event and the triumph of Islam. The Dome of the rock, similar to the Acropolis, was built atop holy ground. Called the Noble Enclosure, the site was where the Hebrews built the
The dimensions of the sculpture are not known from the research as the Saudi government has the polytheistic sculptures and work censored. Saudi Arabia only lends the sculptures to the Non-Muslim country museum with strict censorship deal with the loaned country. Most of the polytheistic sculptures were destroyed in Muhammad’s time when Islam started to grow. The relief is stone carved with written language which might say “Blessings to the tribe”. The line structures are both thick and thin.The contours are flat with rounded faces and triangular noses. The texture would have been smooth and detailed. There is no color in the sculpture; it would be left as natural white color of the limestone. This sculpture would have become
Line also plays a role in the design element of this piece. There are many lines that create patterns that weave and interlock throughout the space that is not occupied by Arabic text creating symmetrical and geometrical shapes that add to the design.
The Calat Alhambra is stationed in Granada the history goes back for more than 1,100 years. In 889 the Alhambra was built as a small fortress and palace but later on it was abandoned. In the 13th century the Alhambra was rebuilt by Muhammad be Al-Amar who was a Moorish Emir for the Emirate of Granada. 1333 the sultan of Granada , Yusuf I turned the Alhambra into a royal palace and construction was completed by Muhammed V and stayed a place for the Muslims use until 1492 when it became use to the Christian court. In mid-1500s the Alhambra was abandoned but it was never tore down. During the Spanish war in the 1800s Napoleon’s army took control of the Alhambra and use for barrack. When the soldiers were leaving they destroyed it by putting bombs in towers. In 1870 the Alhambra was declared a national monument and also led to UNESCO as a world Heritage site in
Next, my mother told me this mosque is the biggest one, and the second religious buildings, also it has the tallest minaret in the world. This mosque has a roof made of light steel, and decorated with cedar wood which opens in 3 minutes for bringing fresh air during the summer. Also, this mosque has many chandeliers made in crystal. The location of this mosque is right by the sea overlooking the Atlantic ocean,
Neo-classical designs with a touch of Romanesque, hence the pillars and the A-line pitched roof, the dome on top of the roof and Modern design from the use of brick facade. The home also has bay style walls to show somewhat of a roundest to it, but not like the other structures as mentioned above. The columns used on this house seem to be more of Ionic order, slender fluted pillars.
In AD 125 years, the Roman Emperor Hadrian rebuilt the building. Hadrian was not only a wise emperor, he also an architect
soul comes from God and the body is made out of clay. A Sufi believes that the