Essay On Antichromatin Antibodies

Several studies this year focus on areas of pediatric lupus research, including lupus nephritis in children, quality of life, and

Recently another group identified a 27-miRNA expression in SLE with four miRNAs i.e, miR-21, miR-25, miR-148b and miR-155 which were overexpressed, and three miRNAs i.e, miR-196a, miR-150, and has-let-7a were downregulated. In addition, this study also reported that miRNAs (miR-21, miR-25, miR-106b in T and B cells as well as miR-148b only in T cells) presented a positive correlation with SLEDAI score, whereas miR-196a and miR-379 showed an inverse

There are several types of lupus, but the most common and severe type is called Systematic Lupus Erythematosus or SLE. This form of lupus is an autoimmune disease that causes a chronic inflammation that can affect many major organs in the body. Common areas of the body that are affected are the skin, joints, kidneys, lungs, heart, and the nervous system. The immune system is the part of the body that fights off viruses, bacteria, and germs, and other foreign substances. The immune system produces proteins called antibodies. Antibodies specifically protect the body from the invaders because the immune system alone cannot tell the difference between foreign invaders and the body’s healthy tissues. When an antibody attacks healthy tissue, it then called an autoantibody. These autoantibodies cause inflammation, pain, and damage in various parts of the body that can ultimately lead to organ failure. The cause for lupus erythematosus is currently unknown. It is most likely a combination of genetics and environmental factors. This autoimmune disease can be triggered by some environmental factors, such as sunlight, stress hormones, or viruses.

Systemic Lupus Erythematosis is an autoimmune disease where the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks healthy tissue. To be diagnosed with this disease there are many test and labwork your physician will perform on you. These test used to diagnose SLE may include antibody test, including antinuclear antibody panel, complete blood count, chest X-ray, kidney biopsy, urinalysis, antithyroglobulin antibody, antithyroid microsomal antibody, complement components C3 and C4, coombs’ test-direct, cryoglobuline, ESR, kidney function blood tests, liver function blood tests, rheumatoid factor, and antiphospholipid antibodies.

Matured cells, known as thymus dependent cells (T-cells) and bone marrow derived cells (B-cells) play an enormous role in protecting the body from harmful agents and antigens (Blau). Normally, lymphocytes are supposed to ignore the body’s own antigens; however, other cells that communicate with lymphocytes single out the foreign cells that do not belong so that the lymphocytes can destroy them. The T-cells interact with antigens, and is commonly known to be the body’s line of defense against microorganisms. It also can sometimes be referred to as the helper or the suppressor (Blau). In a person with SLE, the number of T-cell production is reduced, causing damage to CD8+ T-cells and activating CD4+ helper T-cells in order to elevate the amount of B-cells being produced (La

The test uses immunofluorescent antinuclear antibodies to check for nuclei of a patient's cells [68]. A blood serum sample is taken from the patient and placed on a slide with specific cells that can be from a rodent or other human tissue cell lines[68]. If antinuclear antibodies are present, then the serum will interact with the cells and when a secondary antibody is added, it will fluoresce [68]. 98% of SLE patient present with positive ANA tests but it is also seen in 5-10% of people without SLE [68]. Other antibodies such as anti-double stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA), anti-Smith (anti-Sm), anti-U1RNP, anti-histone, anti-Ro/SSA and anti-La/SSB are generally checked after a positive confirmation from the antinuclear test [68]. Less than 1% of individuals have anti-dsDNA antibodies, compared to 30% of in people with SLE[68]. Anti-Sm antibodies are rarely found in healthy individuals and is present in about 20% of patients with SLE [68]. Anti-U1RNP antibodies are usually found with anti-Sm antibodies, and close to 25% of SLE patients are seen with this antibody [68]. Anti-histone, anti-Ro/SSA and anti-La/SSB antibodies are not specifically linked to SLE but are usually found in SLE patients

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a genetic disorder. SLE is a type III hypersensitivity or an autoimmune hypersensitivity (VanMeter, K. C., PhD, & Hubert, R. J., BS, 2014). Meaning that the body is attacking itself. In SLE a large number of autoantibodies circulate through the body (VanMeter, K. C., PhD, & Hubert, R. J., BS, 2014). These autoantibodies are deposited into the connective tissue all over the body (VanMeter, K. C., PhD, & Hubert, R. J., BS, 2014). These autoantibodies activate the complement system and cause inflammation and necrosis of the tissue that the autoantibodies are near (VanMeter, K. C., PhD, & Hubert, R. J., BS, 2014). This usually takes place in many systems in the body. In order to be diagnosed at least four body systems have to be affected.

The diagnosis of SLE is difficult. Autoimmune diseases are a group of related conditions that present similar symptoms. One autoimmune disease is not a unique disease with its own unique symptoms. Instead autoimmune diseases are a group of related conditions (see fig 2 and table 2). Currently there are no definite number of how many autoimmune diseases exist; however, there is a range of autoimmune diseases that varies from 80 to as

The diagnosis of SLE is difficult. Autoimmune diseases are a group of related conditions that present similar symptoms. One autoimmune disease is not a unique disease with its own unique symptoms, instead autoimmune diseases are a group of related conditions (see fig 2 and table2). Currently there are no definite number of how many autoimmune diseases exist, however, there is a range of autoimmune diseases that varies from 80 to as many as 120 (EHP,

An estimated 5 million people worldwide have lupus disease, 70% of lupus cases diagnosed are systemic lupus erythematosus, 20% of people with lupus will have a parent who already has lupus or may develop lupus, about 5% of the children born to individuals with lupus will develop the illness, SLE is a chronic autoimmune disease that can affect almost any organ system. Beside, in Vietnam, the ratio of female/male is 14/1.

Therefore non-invasive techniques that could identify early-stage LN in SLE patients are highly desirable. In addition, non-invasive biomarkers that could follow or even predict the response to a given therapy would be beneficial for lupus management. To date, few studies have discussed the possibility of additional clinical markers for the diagnosis of SLE apart from the antinuclear antibodies. Therefore potential new clinical markers that could diagnose the onset of SLE in patients would allow faster and more precise

In general, the term “lupus” is used to describe a multi-systemic inflammation that results from an abnormal immunological function. It includes four main types: neonatal and pediatric lupus erythematosus (NLE); discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE); drug-induced lupus (DIL); and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The latter is the most common type, and it is referred to simply as “lupus”. SLE is a complex rheumatic disease of an autoimmune origin, with an unknown etiology and thus individuals at risk are unable to prevent the disease’s progression. Genetic, hormonal, environmental factors as well an immunological abnormalities have been contributed to its pathogenesis. The most agreed upon theory is that the diseases develop as a consequence of the formation and deposition of autoantibodies and immune complexes in various organ systems, leading to eventual organ damage. Studies focusing on SLE as a genetic diseases have shown that there is a genetic predisposition within families. For example first-degree relatives of patients with SLE are significantly more likely to have the disease compared to the rest of population (Maidhof & Hilas, 2012).Recent technological advances have led to breakthroughs in the identification of susceptibility factors involved in SLE, among which DNA methylation alterations has shown great potential. Incomplete concordance for SLE has been found in homozygotic twins, suggesting that

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus aka (SLE) is an autoimmune disease that occurs in most women. SLE causes the immune system to attack the bodies healthy tissues and organs and this can be very dangerous to the body depending on the severness of the disease. During this process the human body produces autoantibodies that begin to attack the body thinking as if it was foreign invaders.

Both scleroderma and lupus are autoimmune diseases, that means it’s a disordered of the immune systems, its where the immune system attacks body organs and body tissue. The web site Medicine.Net, also writes that the, “The immune system is a complex organization within the body that is designed normally to "seek and destroy" invaders of the body, including infectious agents. Patients with autoimmune diseases frequently have unusual antibodies circulating in their blood that target their own body tissues.” There are many different types autoimmune diseases, they are lupus, Sjogren syndrome, Hashimoto thyroiditis, rheumatoid arthritis, juvenile (type 1) diabetes, polymyositis, scleroderma, Addison disease, vitiligo, pernicious anemia, glomerulonephritis,

A ROC AUC ≥0.75 is generally characteristic of a good biomarker, and an AUC ≥0.9 represents an excellent biomarker. In the present study, we have identified 304 CpG markers, all with an ROC AUC ≥0.75 and many with excellent diagnostic accuracy for the prediction of HS status; most of them have not been investigated at the functional level. These 304 CpG sites on 304 genes are spread across noncoding and coding, exonic, promoter and intronic regions with the largest number (32%) in the intron of the gene, further emphasizing the importance of gene regulation by intronic sequences. Many of these hypermethylated sites contain an open chromatin conformation and are occupied with a number of transcription factors, further suggesting that these