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Essay On Apoptosis

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Among various types of programed cell death associated with cancer cell proliferation inhibition, apoptosis is the most typical cell death mechanism, characterized by the activation of common caspases [Fulda and Debatin, 2006; Nakajima and Kuranaga, 2017]. Therefore, inhibition of proliferation of cancer cells through the activation of apoptosis pathway is the most fundamental research area for the discovery of novel anti-cancer agents. Apoptosis accompanied by a specific morphological transformation including the formation of an apoptotic body by chromatin condensation is largely divided into death receptor (DR)-initiated extrinsic and mitochondria-mediated intrinsic pathways [Hengartner, 2000; Kaufmann et al., 2012]. The former is …show more content…

Recently, it has been reported that AMPK may play an important role in the induction of apoptosis of cancer cells, and that excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) stimulates AMPK activation [Liangpunsakul et al., 2008; Kaminskyy and Zhivotovsky, 2014]. Although studies on the ROS production and the role of AMPK are not fully understood, these results suggest that the AMPK signaling pathway may be a potential therapeutic target for inducing apoptotic cell death associated with mitochondrial function impairment.
Plants that have been used worldwide for a long time in traditional medicine have been constantly reviewed as resources for the development of new drugs to control various diseases. In particular, herbal medicines contain a large amount of biologically active substances with little side effects and can be used as an alternative treatment strategy for prevention and treatment of various diseases including cancer [Wang et al., 2014; Ming-Hua et al., 2016]. Among them, citrus and dried peels have been used as traditional medicines to treat common colds, indigestion, and bronchial discomfort and have been reported to possess pharmacological effects on inflammation, allergies, diabetes, and viral infections [Min et al., 2014; Park et al., 2013; Oh et al., 2012; Suzuki et al., 2005]. A study using a tumor-bearing mouse model showed that Citrus unshiu Markovich peel extracts inhibited tumor growth associated with

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