Among various types of programed cell death associated with cancer cell proliferation inhibition, apoptosis is the most typical cell death mechanism, characterized by the activation of common caspases [Fulda and Debatin, 2006; Nakajima and Kuranaga, 2017]. Therefore, inhibition of proliferation of cancer cells through the activation of apoptosis pathway is the most fundamental research area for the discovery of novel anti-cancer agents. Apoptosis accompanied by a specific morphological transformation including the formation of an apoptotic body by chromatin condensation is largely divided into death receptor (DR)-initiated extrinsic and mitochondria-mediated intrinsic pathways [Hengartner, 2000; Kaufmann et al., 2012]. The former is …show more content…
Recently, it has been reported that AMPK may play an important role in the induction of apoptosis of cancer cells, and that excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) stimulates AMPK activation [Liangpunsakul et al., 2008; Kaminskyy and Zhivotovsky, 2014]. Although studies on the ROS production and the role of AMPK are not fully understood, these results suggest that the AMPK signaling pathway may be a potential therapeutic target for inducing apoptotic cell death associated with mitochondrial function impairment.
Plants that have been used worldwide for a long time in traditional medicine have been constantly reviewed as resources for the development of new drugs to control various diseases. In particular, herbal medicines contain a large amount of biologically active substances with little side effects and can be used as an alternative treatment strategy for prevention and treatment of various diseases including cancer [Wang et al., 2014; Ming-Hua et al., 2016]. Among them, citrus and dried peels have been used as traditional medicines to treat common colds, indigestion, and bronchial discomfort and have been reported to possess pharmacological effects on inflammation, allergies, diabetes, and viral infections [Min et al., 2014; Park et al., 2013; Oh et al., 2012; Suzuki et al., 2005]. A study using a tumor-bearing mouse model showed that Citrus unshiu Markovich peel extracts inhibited tumor growth associated with
This case surrounds the controversy brought about by the Arizona state legislature defunding life-saving organ transplant operations. In 1987, the Arizona state legislature voted to eliminate funding for most organ transplants for the indigent through the Arizona Health Care Cost Containment System (AHCCCS). At the same time of this decision, the legislature voted to extend health coverage to pregnant women and children in a “notch group.” The public controversy began when Dianna Brown died after being denied coverage for a liver transplant that would have saved her life. After her death, there was wide spread
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death. What if there was a safe, natural herb that could work for nearly every type of cancer?
Therefore, the most notable P53-induced mechanisms in mediating this response are cell cycle arrest and apoptosis [18], which activation depends on the cellular context and the extent of damage [20].
After searching protein databases, ULK1 was determined to have the motif that best matched the optimal substrate motif for AMPK – due to the presence of four highly conserved phosphorylation sites (Ser 467, Ser 555, Thr 574, and Ser 637). Once that was done, a multitude of methods were performed in order to fully understand how ULK1 phosphorylation by AMPK is related to mitochondrial homeostasis and cell survival when
Only one percent of the known plant and animal species have been examined for medicine potential, but 70% of the 3000 plant species identified as having anti-cancer qualities are found in South American rainforests and others worldwide. These various species aid the science world in a number of different ways:
There are many herbal treatments available to patients, but few have been used longer than sambucas nigra, otherwise known as elder berry. Well known for its analgesic, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, diuretic, laxative immune boosting qualities, elder berry has been used for multiple health alterations (Ulbricht, Basch, Cheung, Goldberg, Hammerness, Isaac, &...Wortley, 2014). In this paper the background, pharmacology, contraindications, current research and recommendations for use regarding elder berries will be discussed. Elder berries are a versatile fruit that has multiple applications in the healthcare field, warranting an increased role in patient care.
For years people have been looking for a cure for the devastating disease of cancer. Cancer is the third highest killer in the US with over 2,500,000 victims per year. Oncologists and scientists around the country are researching all forms of cancer in an effort to understand, treat, and ultimately defeat this disease. Already there have been numerous advances in the field, such as chemotherapy and gene therapy. One advance has been the use of a cell process known as apoptosis. By harnessing this normal cell process, scientists hope to have found an effective way to combat cancer.
In the article, "Mitosis Can Drive Cell Cannibalism Through Entosis", Joanne Durgen (et al.) suggests that cell division may cause living cells to engulf each other by invading another living cell. Although the word "cannibalism" sounds terrible, cell-eating-cell is very descriptive of what happens in this process and is shown that it may be beneficial in limiting tumor growth. Briefing over where entosis is found and what it does, what proteins regulate the entosis process, and possible beneficial characteristics in human cancer and chemotherapy in this article may give a better understanding of this microscopic process.
Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. As of 1990, there has been estimated 5 million people who have been taken by the disease. Every one of four people in the U.S will die of cancer, averaging at 1,500 people per day. There are many things in our daily lives that contribute to the growth and spread of cancer. The food and chemical industries take the blame. Naming it the “man made disease.” What many people do not understand is that there are other treatment options rather than chemo and radiation therapy. One of these alternative treatments is natural medicine. Natural medicine is beneficial because people have
It is said, not by fact but theory, that the cure for cancer is in herbs.
Panax notoginseng, a root of Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F.H. Chen, has been traditionally used as either functional food or herbal medicine. Previous studies show that Panax notoginseng is used in cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular diseases, diabetes, pains, and bleeding (Ng, 2006; Wang et al., 2009; Yang et al., 2014). In cancer prevent and therapy research, Panax notoginseng is beneficial to the prevention and treatment on colon, liver and breast cancer (Chen et al., 2006; Wang et al., 2007; Toh et al., 2011; He et al., 2012; Wang et al., 2009; Wang et al., 2012 ). Although, Chen et al. (2006) have been show that Panax notoginseng can suppress liver metastasis of C57BL/6 mice. And, a ginsenoside from Panax notoginseng, 20(S)-25-methoxyldammarane-3b,
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide as it can develop in almost any organ or tissue. Significant advances in understanding the cellular basis of cancer and the underlying biological mechanisms of tumour has been vastly improved in the recent years (Jiang et al. 1994). Cancer is a genetic disease which requires a series of mutation during mitosis to develop, its characteristics can be associated with their ability to grow and divide abnormal cells uncontrollable while in the mean time invade and cause nearby blood vessels to serve its need. Even though many people are affected by cancer today, the abilities which cancer cells have make it hard to find a single effective treatment for cancer. The focus of research now lies
1.) Explain how the answers to the self-inventories in the text concerning facts, attitudes, beliefs and feelings about death reflect our societal understanding or lack of understanding of death. I think that the self- inventory question reflected on both our understanding and lack of understanding about death related topics. Some of the answers to the questions on the inventory I knew without look at the answers, but some of the answers actually surprised me. The question about the death certificate was one of the questions that actually surprised me. I assumed before I did the inventory that every death certificate had a specific cause of death that was given on the certificate. Another answer that
History reveals the traditional usage of blackberry fruit, leaf, bark and roots by the Romans and Greeks for healing numerous health conditions ranging from a mild infection to venomous bites. The fruit is effective against the development of cancer including lung cancer, colon cancer, and esophageal cancer. The micronutrients present in blackberries exert chemopreventive effect and prevent the proliferation of malignant cells.
Herbal medicines are great alternative for commercially manufactured medicines available in the market. The major reason why herbal medicine differ from modern medicine is because they are produced with 100% natural content. Therefore the plant extract has all the medicinal values that are as effective as modern medicine. Commercially prepared drugs show results quickly but have numerous side effects. However herbal medicines don’t show any side