Essay On Barrett's Oesophagus

excision and to metastasize to other sites. To many Americans cancer is so much more than this

Within the last half century, the obesity rate in America has increased by twenty one percent from thirteen percent to thirty four percent of adults; while the percent of the population considered overweight has remained stagnate at thirty-four percent. Unfortunately, the increase in the obese population poses a large threat to the health and well-being of United States citizens. Obesity is not only an accumulation of fat mass, but has been linked to many diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes. The strain that each of these respective diseases contributes onto the United States healthcare system is great, but how exactly does obesity contribute to the occurrence of these three diseases? What health factors are affected by obesity and lead to the development of chronic illness?

The risk factors of pancreatic cancer are habits that most Americans have developed and can not seem to break. There are five major risk factors that people should consider which include the following; Genetics, Diabetes, Smoking, Obesity and Diet (Wax, 2012). Pancreatic cancer runs in five to ten percent of people who have immediate family members who have also had it (Wax, 2012). Different genes have been indicated as risk but no “pancreatic cancer gene” has yet been discovered (Wax, 2012). “People with diabetes develop Pancreatic cancer about twice as often then people without it” (Margolis, 2002, p.497) and the two diseases have been linked (Wax, 2012). Tobacco use is known to increase the risk of pancreatic cancer (Cancer Research UK, 2013). Smoking will double the risk in developing the disease (Wax, 2012). People, who quit smoking, can reduce the risk of pancreatic, lung, mouth, and certain other cancers and diseases. It is a known fact that people with a body mass index ( BMI) higher

Birt, D. F.; Pelling, J. C.; Nair, S., and Lepley, D. Diet intervention for modifying cancer risk. Prog Clin Biol Res. 1996; 395:223-34.

E.E. Calle, C. Rodriguez, K. Walker-Thurmond, et al. Overweight, obesity, and mortality from cancer in a prospectively studied cohort of U.S. adultsN. Engl. J. Med., 348 (2003), pp. 1625–1638

gradually stretch the tissue. Endoscopic foreign body removal also has the benefit of being able to visualize the damage or lack thereof

Obesity is a casual factor in type 2 diabetes, hypertension, coronary heart disease, gallstones, cancer, and musculoskeletal diseases.

Esophageal carcinoma, the eighth most common cancer in the world, includes squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma (Sun, Lin, Chen, Liang, &Hsieh, 2015; American Cancer Society, 2015). Squamous cell carcinoma is simply damaged esophageal cells; however, adenocarcinoma occurs when glandular cells replace squamous cells in the esophagus (American Cancer Society, 2015). While squamous cell carcinoma was once the most common form of esophageal carcinoma in the United States, adenocarcinoma has taken its place with speculation placed towards the increase of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) (Baldwin, 2015). These two manifestations of cancer account for approximately 90% of diagnosed esophageal cancers, while the remaining 10% of esophageal

Gastroschisis is a birth defect that prevents an infant’s abdominal wall from closing properly causing the intestines to stick out of a hole next to the umbilical cord1. Other abdominal organs may protrude out of the abdominal cavity as well, including the stomach and liver, and lack covering from the peritoneal membrane2. It is believed that gastroschisis takes place between the 4th and 8th week of development of the fetus2. Due to the lack of protective covering, the protruding intestines may become inflamed due to contact with amniotic fluid2. According to the CDC, almost 2000 babies a year are born in the United States with this abdominal wall defect3. Although the cause for gastrochisis is not clear, it is found to be most prevalent among mothers who smoke, who are younger than 20, or who are Hispanic among other factors2-5. The CDC states that the frequency of gastroschisis is increasing in the United States and the rates have doubled among African American Mothers4.Due to the nutrition-related complications associated with gastroschisis, it is important to review current research to inform better feeding practices.

Obesity today is a major health issue in populations across the globe. The lifestyle changes occurring in the 21st  century have resulted in ‘abundance’ of all things – including that of visceral fat in all age‐groups across the globe.  There are many health‐conditions already linked with obesity – such as diabetes, high‐blood‐pressure, congestive  heart‐failure, reproductive complications, etc – but, could being obese make one susceptible to cancer? Or possibly  make for a worse cancer prognosis?  These issues are addressed in this report, with references to many studies performed at the population level, and at  the molecular level –

• During the procedure, the X-ray table may be moved to a more upright angle. You may also be asked to shift your position on the table. This will allow your entire esophagus to be viewed.

The majority of tonsillectomies are performed as an out-procedure in a clinic or hospital. The patient is given a general anesthesia and will not feel any discomfort or pain during surgery. The patient can go home after being discharged from the recovery room. An overnight stay in the hospital may be required if the patient needs to be monitored for breathing or heart related conditions.

Open gallbladder removal, or open cholecystectomy, is a surgery to remove the gallbladder via it is a large open incision in the abdomen. Doctors perform the procedure to provide permanent relief to a patient that suffers from gallstones and there could be other problems associated with the gallbladder.

Firstly, in hopes of understanding what esophageal cancer is, one must first understand what the esophagus is. The esophagus is a muscular tube connecting your throat to your stomach. It’s primary purpose it to transport food to the stomach and is usually between 10 – 13 inches long. Furthermore, the esophagus is lined with smooth muscle tissue, which causes contracts without conscious thought, moving the food along to the

Eosinophilic Esophagitis is a disease that affects the esophagus. Other parts of the gastrointestinal tract can also