Essay On Bog Mummies

The Mummy Case of Paankhenamun was composed of a substance known as cartonnage, which was usually made out of linen or papyrus strips bound together with a sticky substance in order to form a flexible shell. After mummification, the wrapped body was placed in the coffin-case through the back, which was then laced up and a footboard was added for support. Only then the case was ready to be painted. Such cartonnage cases as the case of Paankhenamun were normally placed inside one or more layered wooden coffins and were also decorated. The innermost coffin was always in the shape of the mummy and due to its utmost importance, it was the case with the richest decorations. The amazing detail is still a wonder to many historians and anthropologists (Stockstad 120-3).

At some point in our lives, we all come to realize that death is a part of life. Cultural diversity provides a wide variety of lifestyles and traditions for each of the unique groups of people in our world. Within these different cultures, the rituals associated with death and burial can also be uniquely diverse. Many consider ritualistic traditions that differ from their own to be somewhat strange and often perceive them as unnatural. A prime example would be the burial rituals of the Native American people.

The Process of Mummification The earliest ancient Egyptians buried their dead in small pits in the

Historians and archaeologists investigated Tollund man extensively through the wonderful preservations of his body which gave them hard evidence to support their theories about Tollund Man’s death. The Tollund Man was found on the 6th of May 1950 by two brothers at Silkeborg, Denmark, in a peat bog. He was positioned on his side in a cradle position, naked with a leather belt around his waist, a pointed sheepskin cap with a leather strap that was positioned firmly under his chin and a noose around his neck. The substances in the peat bog prevented the body from decomposing. The bog contains Sphagnum moss which creates acids in the water and grows a glass covering over the water blocking out oxygen and keeping in heat, all in which cause

Forensic anthropology is the physical or biological studies of a human skeleton. The purpose of a forensic anthropologist is to discover secrets hidden in bones. Forensic anthropologists are trained physical anthropologists. The difference between the two are the amount of knowledge involved in forensic anthropology. In forensic anthropology science, biology, and culture are applied to the legal process.

Forensic anthropology is a subfield of physical anthropology that aims to assist in the identification of human remains and to help determine what happened to the remains (Ubelaker, 2006). A forensic anthropologist is able to aid law enforcement by narrowing down the list of possible victims. This subfield of anthropology consists of several processes and a vast list of duties that are important in providing positive identification.Even though forensic anthropology dates back many years, major advancements in this field are still being made today.

Mummification is an ancient egyptian burial rite that is centered around preparing the soul of the deceased for the afterlife. There are multiple steps involved in the process of mummification and several objects with different functions used to perform this burial rite. Mummification is centered around the thought that death was merely physical and your soul continued living, with the ability to take distinct action, in the afterlife. Everyone desired to be mummified, however the extent of the mummification depended on the wealth of the family involved. Mummification was also generally not a rite reserved for criminals and lawbreakers since the idea behind mummification is for the deceased to have an easier afterlife.

Since the discovery of the first bog body known as Amcotts Moor Woman who was discovered in 1747 in England, bog bodies have been a main source of what is considered vital information for restructuring our past. They have allowed humans to explore the past and our heritage and have helped them to acquire a further understanding of how we, as a human race, have developed. A great example of the knowledge that bog bodies have provided us is Tollund Man. Tollund Man who was found in Denmark is one of the most famous examples of bog bodies, he has helped us to extend the small snapshots we have of the past. Bog bodies as a collective are also revealing information about the individual bodies themselves and the lifestyles they led. This primary evidence aids our modern understanding of our historical past.

Dead zones develop due to excess nutrients getting into water causing eutrophication, which means over-enrichment. River runoff deposits these nutrients, which come from upstream, a large amount from agriculture of the Midwest. Nitrogen and phosphorus, the primary excess nutrients, are limiting nutrients to primary producers, such as phytoplankton, that live in the surface oceans. Since those elements are limiting nutrients, an elevated influx of them will cause an explosion of productivity called an

Meret-it-es is a mummy showcased at the Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art. In the Egyptian section, the museum showed the multiple parts created for Meret-it-es burial. Beside the body, other items are placed in the inner coffin. It consists of a gold cartonnage on top of the mummy and 100 ushebtis surrounding the body to assist during her travels in the afterlife (“Egyptian Art”, 2015). Next, the inner coffin gets placed in the outer coffin with two inches to spare on each side (Roastofer, 2015). All artifacts were beautifully crafted, but I’m going to focus primarily on the inner coffin of Meret-it-es and its representations.

When these components are mixed with the water, this causes the tiny particles of soil to stick together or coagulate. These particles are now bigger and heavier, they are known as flocs which makes it easier to remove by settings of filtration.

The excavation and discovery of Tutankhamun’s tomb was as a result of the efforts of the Archaeologist Howard Carter and his team. Carter’s discovery of the tomb came by finding steps to the burial near the entrance to the tomb Ramses VI. The subsequent excavated of the site by Carter and his team revealed the greatest ever treasure found from an Egyptian tomb and showed the existence of Tutankhamun. Carter’s methodology for the excavation was that of maintaining records for each artefact and that every artefact that was brought out of the tomb was preserved appropriately. The discovery and excavation of the tomb was a long and complex process but with it revealed much about Tutankhamun.

Since being one of the most intact monuments of Ancient Egypt, the finding of Tutankhamun's tomb by Howard Carter in 1922 is believed to be the utmost significant archaeological discoveries of the century. The treasures found were stored in the following parts of the tomb the Antechamber Annex, and then the Burial Chamber and Treasury. The Ancient Egyptians believed in the afterlife. The customs and beliefs of the Ancient Egyptians called for the preservation of the body and extensive provisions for the after-life which were buried with them in the tomb. These treasures were seen as a continuation of the life of the Pharaoh before his death. It was therefore seen as essential that the favourite items belonging to King Tut would be buried

break down the glue-like material bonding the wood fibers. Chemicals used in the digester are reclaimed and used in

Throughout history, the mummy has been stereotyped as no more than an egyptian deceased wrapped in cloth, whose spirit returns from the dead in order to haunt mankind. However, as literature and mythology present, Mummies exist in modern context promptly as scorned lovers, scientists, past rulers, wronged souls, or a combination of all. In deconstructing the Mummy, the statement of “We are creatures that require social interaction” often comes to mind. After all, even in death we are infrequently capable of surviving without the companionship of family, loved ones, friends, or the presence of another soul.