Essay On Bronchiolitis

As such, the diagnosis and management of AOM has a significant impact on the health of children, cost of providing care, and overall use of antibacterial agents (AAFP, 2004). Watchful waiting can have many benefits for the children and the provider if used properly. Diagnosing AOM can be tricky. The signs and symptoms can also be related to other illnesses such as an upper respiratory virus. Throwing antibiotics at any illness use to be the course of action. However, now that there is evidence that bacteria have become resistant to some antibiotics, clinicians are testing out other means of treating illnesses. If the child presenting with symptoms of AOM has no underlying conditions and has means to follow up with the doctor if the symptoms progress, watchful waiting is an appropriate approach for treating the child. According to the research, placebo controlled trials have shown that children have responded well without antibacterial intervention. Giving the opportunity for the illness to resolve without antibacterial intervention not only benefits the child but, the caregivers and the clinician. It benefits the child by not being exposed to antibiotics that are not needed, therefore creating a potential resistance to that antibiotic. It benefits the caregiver by not spending money on a medication their child does not need. Last, it benefits the clinician by preventing resistance to an antibiotic that may be useful in the near future.

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) develops as a result of an infant 's lungs becoming irritated or inflamed. It is considered a chronic lung disease. BPD progresses from respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), usually with atelectasis, consolidation, and massive fibrosis. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia is most common in premature infants who needed mechanical ventilation and oxygen therapy to survive. Although life-saving, these treatments can also cause lung damage. BPD has been a severe chronic lung disease in premature infants, going back to 1967. Northway et al described it a lung injury in premature infants and the classic BPD had four stages. Each of the stages has radiographically and pathologically differences.

Respiratory disorder, mostly affect the upper or lower respiratory tract, however bacterial or viral infection are the causative agent and the disease is common in all ages. In addition, the lungs and the bronchi can also be affected, causing inflammation and obstruction of the airflow resulting in wheezing, chest tightness, stridor, low grade fever, cough, and hemoptysis due severe damage to the lung tissues. Most common diseases of the respiratory system include; pneumonia, croup, asthma, bronchitis, laryngitis, and tuberculosis, affected disease location determines the signs and symptoms. Hereditary and environmental factors such as allergens and other irritants can be a contributory factor, especially in children. However, respiratory compromise occur as a result of incomplete airway development among this vulnerable population predisposing them to chronic asthma (Huether & McCance, 2012).

Allen here to speak to you about the most common diseases we see here in the Pediatric Pulmonary Department. I will start by telling you what they are and I am sure you have heard them before. First there is Acute Bronchiolitis (inflammation of the bronchioles). Acute Bronchiolitis is usually accompanied by tachypnea (rapid breathing), chest retraction (sinking in of soft tissues of the chest), and wheezing (whistling or rattling sound on the chest). Next is Tuberculosis (bacterial infection spread through lymph nodes and blood stream into other part of the body). TB is very contagious due to the fact it is airborne. Children are most susceptible to this disease. They can get it by being in contact with someone who has active TB. This disease is very fatal to children as it can result in death. The bad thing about TB is that it can not be detected and it can sometimes lay dormant in the system and never be active, so sometimes we wont ever know if a child has it until they appear sick and get tested for the disease. The last condition we will discuss is Sleep Apnea (interruptions of breathing while sleep). Sleep Apnea occurs when the muscles in the mouth and your tongue relax to the point of blocking your air way, sometimes it causes you to make noise like snoring and other times and blocks your breathing completely to where you can not

Although, the first example was a result of the In-Patient social worker, it trickled down to Pulmonary as the child is a patient in the clinic.

A health-issue known to be documented in the pre-school setting is pertussis, or better known as whooping cough (Kid Source Online, n.d.). Whooping cough, as it’s name implies, is a very communicable, infectious disease of the respiratory tract, which causes the child to make a “whooping” sound when trying to draw breath after a prolonged cough spell (Kid Source Online, n.d.). Nonetheless, not all children are known to make this said “whooping” sound while having this disease; thus, one must be aware of the general symptoms indicating whooping cough, which include, however aren't limited to, a runny nose and an extreme cough, both which gradually seem to only get worse, and perhaps can even end with the child profusely vomiting (Kid Source Online, n.d.). It is important to catch any symptoms of abnormal cold indications as soon as possible, as once the whooping stage begins, antibiotics can no longer help (Kid Source Online,

I am interested in being a NICU Nurse. Being a NICU nurse, I would encounter Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia or BPD because it is most commonly found in babies that are born more than 10 weeks early and weigh less than 2 pounds. The cause of BPD is the abnormal development of the tissues in the lungs. BPD can be prevented by seeing your doctor regularly, controlling any preexisting medical conditions, preventing any infections, and having a healthy diet. As well as using any illegal substances, tobacco products, or drink alcohol while pregnant. There are a few warning signs, which include rapid and shallow breathing, sharp puling in of the patient’s chest, grunting sounds, and flaring of the nostrils.

Currently, standards for the diagnosis and treatment of AB are inconsistent, but all guidelines recommend avoiding prescribing antibiotics for acute cough/AB (Dempsey, Businger, Whaley, Gagne & Linder, 2014). A viral infection is usually a self-limited illness (Busse & Lemanske, 2010). Symptoms management such as cough control is the goal and recommended in managing AB. Therefore, the importance of the familiarity of the clinicians with the recent clinical guidelines for AB and adherence to the guidelines is recommended, but can be challenging in terms of consistently utilizing the guidelines into their practice (McCollough, Zimmerman, and Rodriguez, 2014).

There are two different types of bronchitis; Acute Bronchitis which is more common and curable, the symptoms only last for a few weeks and usually doesn’t cause any more problems than that. Chronic bronchitis; is the more serious type, acute in medical terms means conditions

Croup accounts for 15% of clinic and ED visits for an upper respiratory tract infection and is the most common cause of acute stridor. Most often croup occurs in children ages 6-36 months of age but can be seen in older children up to age 6. Males are more prone to croup than females. Croup usually occurs in early winter and presents to the ED from 10:00PM to 4:00AM. Hospitalizations from croup usually are between 2-5% with 1% of those children requiring intubation and .5% of those intubated dying. Complications are rare but it is important to identify the treat these patients rapidly.

Upper respiratory tract infections are one of the most common illnesses in children, with acute cough as a primary complaint. This can become quite cumbersome for parents to manage, considering young children may have up to eight respiratory infections with a cough per year, each lasting approximately ten days.1 Despite the frequency of this ailment, there are not many effective therapeutic options for children. Antitussives and expectorants are over-the-counter medications mainly utilized for acute cough. However, they lack sufficient evidence to justify its use in children.2,3 Therefore; studies have been

Chronic bronchitis is a long-term disease that keeps coming back or never goes away completely, it stay in the patient airway and lungs for at least for 3 months a year, at least 2 years a row. Chronic bronchitis is a obstructive disease that is happens when the lining of the bronchial tubes are irritated that may produces too much mucus. Repeatedly breathing in the things that irritate and damage lung and airway tissues causes chronic bronchitis. Smoking is the main cause of chronic bronchitis and there are some symptom that people are not aware of. “Smoker’s cough” one of the term use to patient who has chronic bronchitis. Blue bloater are one of the symptoms and characteristic of having chronic bronchitis. Chronic bronchitis can lead to

Imagine a hacking cough that sounds so hoarse that it would be scary for an adult, but with from a child. A child’s health is the most important thing to most parents and when something comes up that isn’t in a parent’s control it’s terrifying. There are a lot of diseases that just appear but there aren’t quite as many that only children are susceptible to. Laryngotracheobronchitis is one of the rare diseases that only gets caught by children and it’s important to be aware of what it is, the symptoms of it, and how to take care of it.

Bronchiectasis has been described as a chronic respiratory disease characterised by abnormal dilatation of the bronchi, and presents typically with a chronic wet productive cough in children (Laennec, 1962; Coleman et al., 1995; Welch et al., 2015). This abnormality and progression of the disease cause the airway lining where small amounts of mucus are made to produce more mucus thus becoming a reservoir for microbes (Welch et al., 2015). Based on the morphological characteristics of bronchiectasis, it is understood that Karen will be more prone to recurrent chest infections when compared to a child without bronchiectasis. However, this analogy does not cut across children who have other respiratory related conditions such as cystic fibrosis, asthma amongst others.

RALES are one type of sounds that laborers particularly hear to show maladies in chickens.They sound like a rattling clamor that happens as the chickens inhale, and are heard exceptionally calm. RALES are indications of respiratory ailments specifically irresistible bronchitis. Utilizing the recorded information from chickens with irresistible bronchitis and build up a framework which consequently identify and name the state of the