Essay On Calibration

The pH scale is 1 to 14, 7 being the best quality. To the right is a pH scale. 7 is what the water should be. 7 is also what we had for the creek average. We had a higher number of rocks neutralizing acid (limestone is the stone found mostly in the creek) than the ones that don’t. this means that the acid rain we get is mostly neutralized by limestone in the stream. We get acid rain from Philadelphia. This is because of the massive steel companies. All of the toxic smoke comes over and comes down in the conodoguinet as acid rain. So the creek is non-acidic and non-alkaline.

The samples of unfiltered Rio Salado River water used in these experiments were collected from a site on the south bank of the river near S. 7th Ave. in Phoenix Arizona (see figure 1). The samples of water were collected by filling a three-gallon carboy by submerging it in the river. The carboy was then transported at ambient air temperature to the lab the same day it

Complete this week’s lab by filling in your responses to the questions from Geoscience Laboratory. Select answers are provided for you in red font to assist you with your lab work. Although you are only required to respond to the questions in this worksheet, you are encouraged to answer others from the text on your own.

They observed the clarity of the water, dissolved oxygen, pH, run, pool, riffle, odor, depth, and substrate. The clarity of the water was 71cm which means the clarity of the water is fine because 71cm is in the middle of the turbidity tube. The amount dissolved oxygen is 12 which is the best amount of D.O. The pH was 8 which means the water quality is good. The odor was musky. The depth of the run was 22cm. The substrate was rocky which is good because the rocks filter the water. All of this data leads you to the conclusion that the Portage River has excellent water quality.

Questions and charts are from Geoscience Laboratory, 5th ed. (p. 133-150), by T. Freeman, 2009, New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons. Reprinted with permission.

A mass curve and double mass curve were created for the Red Deer basin at Drumheller in 1964. Precipitation data was collected from the city of Drumheller, which is approximately 0.6 km from the river measurement. On average the greatest amount of precipitation occurred in May, June, and July, but there was a large spike in precipitation in the month of September. The lowest amount of precipitation occurred in January, February and October. The double mass curve for this basin has a large gradual increase. Runoff for this basin is always greater than precipitation, but there is an area of large run off and storage during the end of the curve. This could be due to the large amount of precipitation that occurred in September, and storage

Robinson’s restoration reach is approximately 2.4 km long and is located 16 km downstream of Crocker-Huffman Dam. The project included a very complex suite of actions to restore Robinson’s reach which was degraded as a result of mining activities and recent flood impacts. Channel reconfiguration and the creation of a large floodplain with native vegetation increased the river channel’s ability to transport and deposit sediments under the river’s current flow regime; hence improving channel dynamics and salmon passage concerns. These actions within the channel produced improvements for salmon spawning and rearing through the creation of

The reservoir at Spruce Run in Clinton, New Jersey is used for a variety of recreational activities, such as picnicking, swimming, fishing, and boating. The surrounding area has trails, hills, and parking lot areas for visitors. Twenty-nine species of fish are reportedly contained within the waters of Spruce Run including largemouth bass, catfish, sunfish, yellow perch and carp. The reservoir was one of the first water supply facilities to be constructed and operated by the state and covers 1,290 acres with 15 miles of shoreline for recreation, making Spruce Run the third largest reservoir in the state. The 11 billion gallon on-stream water storage reservoir includes a 6,000 foot long earthen dam and two earthen dikes, making it an integral

To analyze the environmental monitoring policy and its resulting measurements in surface waters to determine the differentiation with respect to stream size and flow rate.

Most of the catchments depicted in Figure 1 where fully urbanised which caused surfaces in the catchment to be impervious; that is very little runoff would infiltrate into the ground

The purpose of this report is to geologically evaluate the potential hazards for flooding in Hazard City. This report will include a detailed historic and extrapolated Stream Gauge Data Worksheet, as well as a graph of the Discharge Frequency Curve expected on Clearwater River. The report will provide Hazard city with my scientific analysis, conclusions, and provide recommendations concerning potential flood damages.

Lenz, ( 2003 ) studied the Ground-Water Flow and Rainfall Runoff with Emphasis on the Effects of Land Cover, Whittlesey Creek, Bayfield County, Wisconsin, 1999-2001 using SWAT model. The effects of land cover on flooding and base-flow characteristics of Whittlesey Creek, Bayfield County, Wis were examined in a study that involved ground-water-flow and rainfall-runoff modeling. Field data were collected during 1999-2001. Potentiometric-surface altitudes and stratigraphic descriptions were provided by well logs. Geological data, soil parameters, hydrography, altitude, and land-cover data were compiled into a geographic information system (GIS) and used in two ground-water-flow models (GFLOW and MODFLOW) and a rainfall-runoff model (SWAT). A base flow of 17-18 cubic feet per second is produced in a deep ground-water system which intersects Whittlesey Creek near the confluence with the North Fork.

Based on scale of measurement, the program RORA needs drainage area exceeding 1 sq. mile and less than 500 sq. mile (Rutledge, 2000). But, the 1KB4 catchment covers an area of 18048 km2 (6968 sq. mile) which is out of the RORA limitation. As specified by Rutledge (2000), although that limitation is not universal and is subjective relying on hydrologic setting, the effect of large areas create non-uniformity of storm events and lead to mix multiple hydrogeologic settings. Also, the assumption that streamflow recession depends solely on groundwater discharge, and exclude other sources such as river bank storage and wetlands (Rutledge, 2000) might bring doubt about the model applicability in the Kilombero Valley since some parts of 1KB4 catchment is covered by

The water level (observed) and water level (simulated) water levels and the variation over time were graphed below in figure 5.

Floods are the most costly and damaging natural disaster in the world (Berz, 2000). The determination of streamflow (stage or discharge) at a river station plays an important role in environmental and water resources management. Flood routing, a basis for flood forecasting, is the process of determining progressively the timing and shape of a flood wave at successive points along a river reach. Approaches for flood routing have been based either on hydraulic (process approach) or hydrologic (conceptual or system approach). Hydrologic stream routing is based on the storage concept, and conversely, hydraulic channel routing is based on the principles of mass and momentum conservation. In predicting a particular hydrograph on its passage through a river reach, any flood modeling will involve a number of assumptions and simplifications. For many rivers, topographic information neither exit nor are readily available and consequently the use of dynamic models has some limitations (Barati, 2013). In addition, a close match between the observed flow rates and the computed ones is difficult to achieve with such techniques if some parameters used along a reach are not accurate. While high demands on computer resources, as well as on the quantity and quality of input data, restrict the efficiency of hydraulic models in practical applications, approximate models produce satisfactory results at considerably less expense with a limitation in their generality and accuracy depending on the