Essay On Cancer

Summary of article: In “Bridging the HPV Knowledge Gap,” Christina Demopoulos and two others talk about the importance of knowledge on HPV and how most patients are unaware of this virus and that is it on the oral health professionals to educate them. This virus is transmitted easily through a small cut or tear in the oral cavity and is associated with a variety of oral lesion, cances, and oropahygnel cancers. The article included a statistic that about 12,000 people between ages 15 and 24 are affected everyday by HPV and its only increasing. HPV causes more than 30,000 cancer cases a year which the average age diagnosis is 62, but ther is arise of cases in the adolescents. With that being said, it is put on oral health professional to discuss the ipmo ratio of HPV with patients, and they should become more familiar with HPV because there is an association between HPV and oropharyngeal cancers. One way to bridge the HPV knowledge gap is to do what NEvada is doing. Nevada has a Immunization program which promotes for better health and they hold a lot of information conferences. Overall,

Human papillomaviruses (HPV) are a group of more than 40 types of viruses that infect the genital areas, throats (recurrent respiratory papillomatosis), and mouths of males and females and is the number one most common sexually transmitted disease (Center for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2009). It is spread by genital contact. It is most easily spread by vaginal and anal sex, but also through oral sex and even just genital-to-genital (skin-to-skin). In 90% of people that contract HPV, their own immune system

Cervical cancer is the leading cause of cancerous death, in women, since 1950. Approximately 200,000 cervical cancer patients die each year in developing countries. Strains like HPV 16 and 18 cause about 70% of cervical cancer in women– one of the top causes of death in the world (WebMD, 2010, p.1). In the Unites States, about 10,000 women acquire the disease and 3,700 die annually Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) is directly associated as a cause of cervical cancer. This virus affects the skin and genital area and, in some cases, it can also infect the throat and mouth. Since the HPV is passed from one person to another through skin-to-skin or sexual contact, sexually active people are more prone to this virus. Merck

Human papilloma virus, or HPV, is a sexually transmitted infection, and the more sex partners someone has, the bigger their risk. Now, a study out this week shows there’s a silent epidemic of HPV-related cancers among men. In fact, the study found that men are more likely to be infected with cancer-causing oral HPV strains than women, suggesting there are more throat cancers in men than cervical cancer in women.

From 1998 to 2003, the incidence rates for HPV-associated cancers of the tonsils and tongue increased 3.0% per year, while non-HPV cancers of the mouth and throat decreased during this time (Ramqvist and Dalianis, 2010).

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is made up of double stranded DNA with a capsid. Their viral genome is consisting of such as early (E) gene like E6 and E7encodes for oncoproteins and late (L) gene such as L1 and L2 encodes for structural proteins like capids. There are more than 100 different types of HPV identified and they generally infect around cutaneous or mucosal areas. HPV viral genome can be categorized into low risk (LR) and high risk (HR). High risk types such as HPV-16 and -18 are ones that can develop into cancer and other tumors mostly in genital area or a head and neck squamous cell. Low risk types such as HPV-6 and -11 are more frequently found I larynx or genital area (Klozar et al., 2010). Therefore, careful evaluation such as risk factors, or possibly a new vaccination to prevent against HPV related to oropharyngeal SCC should be questioned in public health

HPV, an abbreviation for human papilloma virus, is the most common sexually transmitted infection. According to the CDC, about 14 million people in US gets infected with HPV annually (“Human Papillomavirus” CDC). HPV is so common that it infects at least 75% of all people who are sexually active once during their lifetime (“Human Papillomavirus” Canadian Cancer Society). The infection with HPV usually occurs soon after the onset of sexual activity. This paper will cover what HPV is, its effects on the body and prevention.

HPV is not spread via bodily fluids; it is a skin to skin contact virus. It’s caused by having oral, vaginal, or anal sex with an infected person. The throat, genitalia, and mouth in both men and women can be infected. HPV can also be transmitted during child birth causing genital and respiratory system infections. Currently, there is no cure for the HPV virus. Women can be tested for HPV at the time of their pap smear. For men, there is no test available at this time to test for the infection. In most cases, HPV goes away on its own without causing any problems. However, it can remain dormant and later infect a new or existing partner. People with weak immune systems may be less able to fight off HPV and more likely to develop

The male sexual is the vector of the HPV infection. Personal interviews were conducted and demographics showed smoking, genital hygiene, circumcision use, and history of STDS. HIV was not tested. The HPV was detected by swabbing the external genital area with cotton swabs, one over the sulcus coronaries of the penis, and the other over the shaft of the penis, the scrotum, and the perianal region. The swabs were immediately placed in the same plastic tube containing 3 ml phosphate buffered saline and 0.005% thiomersal and kept 4 degrees Celsius until mailed for analysis. Next, after centrifugation for 10 minutes at 2755 g, the pellet was resuspended in 100

Background: The association between high risk human papillomaviruses (HPV) and cervical cancer has been firmly established. HPV is present in nearly all cases of cervical cancer and detection of viral DNA, in combination with histology, could be a surrogate marker of micrometastasis in peri-tumor tissues and pelvic lymph nodes.

The human papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the human viruses that people might not be aware that they have. HPV can be present within someone’s body but there may be no visual signs or symptoms. The reason why there may be no signs and symptoms is because the immune system can diminish HPV on its own since it can automatically sense it and clear it out of the body, this happens about 90% of the time. Vast majority of the people having human papillomavirus will be cleared out within two years and have no future problems. The Oral Cancer Foundation states that HPV might be present in human body for many years before it is detected or converted to something worst such as cancer (N. Sathish, 2014). However, there are cases when the HPV will stay

This can be potentially used as a new therapeutic target. Additionally with regards to this issue of aberrant methylation, the HPV positivity has been increasingly identified in the head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) especially in the oral cavity and oropharyngeal carcinoma. This HPV positivity has several clinical implications. For instance, the HPV positive oropharyngeal carcinoma has been proved to have better prognosis compared to HPV negative tumours and occurs mostly in younger patients. In several head and neck surgical centres in Europe, the HPV testing has become a standard protocol for the majority head and neck cancer operated cases. The salivary gland could also harbour these viruses as its closed anatomic location to the oral cavity and oropharynx and the resemblance of these structures which are derived from the same branchial arches embryologically. There is evidence from a prospective study which showed the presence of HPV in the salivary glands. However, this pertinent issue of HPV positivity in relation to the tumour suppressor gene methylation

As previously mentioned, HPV is a virus which is passed through skin to skin sexual intercourse or other forms of skin to skin contact of the genitals. The virus enters the body through small breaks in the skin surface or in the mucous membranes lining of the genitals. The strains of HPV that causes a person to develop warts, are in a different group of strains that causes cancer. There are more than 100 known strains of human papillomavirus that infect the skin and mucous membranes of humans. HPV lives in the body’s epithelial cells; which are flat and thin cells found on the skin’s surface and also on the surface of the vagina, anus, vulva, cervix, penis head, mouth, and throat. In most cases a person’s body can fight the virus within weeks,

Table A1.2 shows a comparison for various cutaneous HPV types across four studies. It can be seen that estimates are also different based on the site of sample collection (e.g. eyebrow specimens or skin swabs) and the population being investigated. Different studies have included different sets of cutaneous HPV with the most common being beta types 5, 8, 9, 20 and 38. Also, statistical methods and reported measures varied across studies. Some studies reported prevalence estimates based on genus (e.g. β-HPV, γ-HPV), while other studies reported positivity to one type, two types, three types and so on. The prevalence estimates to at least one HPV (‘any-HPV’) increased when the number of the types in the study increased, whereas the prevalence estimates decreased when concurrent seropositivity was measured for more than one type (i.e., positive for 2 types or 3

The human papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the most common causes of sexually transmitted disease in both men and women around the world, especially in developing countries, where the occurrence of asymptomatic infection varies from 2 to 44%, depending on the population and studied region. Most HPV infection is transient and some studies show that the majority of sexually active individuals are exposed to and acquire infection from this virus at some phase in their lives. HPV infection is more prevalent in young adults, at the beginning of their sexual activity, which is more important to detect the virus at the early edge to prevent from the most damages in the later of life that leads to less impact in the economy in their country and family too. with a subsequent decline in the prevalence rate with increasing age, likely as a result of development of an immune response against the virus and reduction of sexual activity.