Essay On Chinook Salmon

The main diet of the Southern Resident Orca’s is the Chinook Salmon (Taylor et al., 2013). Many chinook salmon populations have been listed as threatened or endangered, including those which have habitat cross over with the whales (Hilborn et al., 2012, p. 25 – 26). Ayers et al. 2012 used faecal samples to study

With the influx of human population immigrating to Pacific Northwest Region of the United States at the end of the 19th century, extracting the natural goods of the environment quickly became an issue of sustainability and preservation. In the State of Washington Ninth Annual Report of the State Fish Commissioner of 1898, author A.C. Little illustrates how the extractive actions along many of Washington’s river systems are resulting in a major depletion of salmon species unique to the Northwest. Little’s Report aimed to bring attention to over consumption of this finite resource that was not only intrinsically valuable to many people within the region but was also a very successful economic engine too value to deplete. The booming fishing industry,

The delta smelt is an estuarine fish that is endemic to the San Francisco Bay-Delta region of California. This species was listed as endangered under the California Endangered Species Act in 2010 after extended extremely low abundance indices. The historical range of the delta smelt extended from San Pablo Bay to Sacramento along the Sacramento River and Mossdale along the San Joaquin River. Delta smelt became extinct in the southern region of their native range in the 1970s and experienced a steep population decline in the 1980s. The greatest factor in the decline of the delta smelt is the anthropological impact on their native ecosystem. The introduction of invasive species and the alteration of their habitat from variable tidal systems to leveed channels have significantly decreased suitable habitats for certain life stages of the delta smelt. Also, the highly controversial exportation of water from the Delta has had a major impact on delta smelt populations. Large water pumps in the southern region of the Delta are both detrimental to delta smelt habitat and have the direct effect of killing individuals through entrainment in the pumps. According to several previous studies, the exportation of water is one of the key factors when it comes to the genetic diversity, as well as the distribution and abundance, of the delta

The Merced River is the southernmost watercourse of the California Central Valley presently inhabited by Chinook salmon whose abundance has decreased by 75% since 1950 (Yoshiyama et al., 2000). From its headwaters located in Yosemite National Park, Sierra Nevada, the Merced River flows west to join the San Joaquín River (river km 190) and drains a watershed approximately 3,297 km2 in size. Meanwhile, the elevation declines from 3,048 m to about 18.3 m. Only the first 82 river km are reachable by anadromous fish with access terminating at Crocker-Huffman Dam. We estimated the percent contribution of terrestrial organic carbon sources for juvenile Chinook salmon across four longitudinally-positioned sites: Merced River

In the North Pacific there are five species of salmon. Each kind of salmon is known by different names like, Chinook (king), sockeye (red), coho (silver), chum (dog), and pink (humpback). These are all valuable, but the Chinook or King Salmon were the prize of the Columbia River system. In the late 1800s about 2,500,000 cans of salmon nearly filled a cannery store and storage rooms in Astoria, Oregon. Fresh, salted, dried, and smoked were the only options for preserving and eating salmon before the spread of canning technology in the mid 1800s.

Kaeriyama et al. studied the effects of climate events on Pacific salmon species in the offshore waters of the central Gulf of Alaska during the early summers of 1994-2000. They based their study on analyses of stomach contents, and carbon and nitrogen isotope concentrations. In all species except Chum Salmon, Gonatid squid was the dominant prey. During

An interesting note is that the fins on a trout have no bones, they are primarily composed of fatty deposits, even the tail. Trout have long been considered a bony fish, and internally they are. some consider their skin very tasty and good to eat, (although I don’t recommend it). Trout are so tasty and very popular among fish eaters and restaurants, that they have become farm raised (hatcheries) and sold as well as bread for restocking . Raising or breeding trout is very vital to streams and rivers because of the popularity of fisherman. It is necessary to Replenish these water’s to avoid overfishing and elimination of the

Prompt 2: Through the Summer Undergraduate Research Program, Pomona provides students up to $4,000 to conduct research with a Pomona professor on any topic in the arts and humanities, social sciences, or natural sciences. Imagine you received one of these grants. What would you research and why is this topic important to you? How would you know if you had been successful in your research?

In their article “Recent Population Size, Trends, and Limiting Factors for the Double-Crested Cormorant in Western North America,” researchers Jessica Y. Adkins, and colleagues explain that the population growth of the double-crested cormorant has increased so much that it has had some significant environmental impacts. One example that Adkins, et al. had mentioned in their article is that there is a raised alarm over the predation of juvenile salmonids, especially down the Pacific coast, and Columbia Basin where the salmonids are recorded on the United States Endangered Species Act. The writers mentioned that the last time the double-crested cormorants were studied was back in 1987-2003, however as stated in the article, “Recent re-evaluations

Trophic cascades are powerful forces that have a pronounced effect on ecosystems. They occur when predation causes shifts in prey dynamics that indirectly lead to enhanced survival in the next lowest trophic level. Walleye fishing bans at Lac la Biche coinciding with a restocking effort have led to a large recovery of walleye populations. The increase in populations of a high trophic level predator should cause shifts in a lower trophic level species (yellow perch) prey preferences from fish towards invertebrate prey. 576 yellow perch stomach collected from 2009 - 2013 by Alberta Environment and Sustainable Resource Development were sent to MacEwan University for processing/analysis. Yellow perch stomachs will be measured (dry weight, empty weight), and prey items will be removed identified and weighed. Sampling procedure differs depending on the type of prey item removed from the stomach (fish, macro and micro invertebrates). Length and weight measurements will be taken for fish and macro invertebrates; whereas, micro invertebrates will be sub sampled until 50-100 individuals can be identified. Data will be analyzed using multi

Salmon are a fish species of major commercial aquaculture relevance; therefore disease prevention in these farming scenarios is of substantial economic and environmental concern [4, 5]. One disease of relevance to farmed salmon species is the infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV), a.k.a. Chinook salmon disease. It is a rhabdovirus whose genome encodes a glycoprotein, which presents as a viral antigen [6, 7], and is a pathogen that causes deadly disease in many salmonid species of fish. Since its discovery in the 1950s, IHNV has spread throughout North America, as well as to Asian and European countries. It causes necrosis and hemorrhage within infected fish, commonly in the kidney and spleen, and induces high mortality in young fry

There are various things in life that we wish to accomplish, but we don't get the results we desire. If we're battling a serious illness like cancer, however, we can't afford to fall short of our goal; which is to live a healthy and happy life despite our diagnosis. With that in mind, you need to read these tips to increase your odds of winning the fight against cancer.

The federal and state government will spend hundreds of millions of dollars on a program that will provide a salmon exhibit. California salmon problems have been caused in large part by oceanic condition and the environmental mess that is the San Joaquin River. It claims the trout family will help us in the future, instead of buying them from other salmon industry.

In the ever-expanding field of aquaculture, the demand and production of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) has increased substantially, having grown over six-fold in the last two decades worldwide (Howard, 2014; Murray, 2014). Increased emergence of parasitism and disease has met this expansion, particularly in areas where disease-control strategies are not yet locally coordinated (Murray, 2014). Salmon lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) have significantly impacted the salmonid farming industry since the 1970s, affecting economic costs and fish welfare, and contributing to secondary parasiticide effects and drug resistance (Costello, 2009; Ljungfeldt et al., 2014; Torrissen et al., 2013). As of 2009, L. salmonis has affected the industry in Norway, Canada, Ireland, Scotland and Chile, whereas in other countries, including New Zealand, it has not yet presented a problem (Costello, 2009). Various treatment, management and prevention strategies have been suggested and implemented in high production areas, which may provide useful models for potential risk of sea lice parasitism in New Zealand.

In order to establish how community properties correlated with temperature and lag, we analysed changes in S, assemblage composition, biomass, and body mass based on each sample collected (a sample being an integrated measure of fyke net catch and sediment core content standardised to m2).