Essay On Classification Of Stars

Stars are the most recognized astronomical object in space and they represent the building blocks of galaxies. Stars distribute elements such as: carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen. A star develops from a cloud of hydrogen and helium, the dust clouds that are scattered throughout galaxies. An example of a dust cloud is the Orion Nebula. The gas and dust begin to collapse from its own gravitational pull. As the cloud collapses, the middle gets hotter. This is known as a prostar. A dense and hot core forms which begins to collect dust and gas. All this material may not end up as a part of the star but can become planets, asteroids, comets, or remain dust. A star about the size of our sun can up to 50 million years to mature. The smallest stars are

Below you will read research on stars and black holes. Black holes are stars whose core has been crushed by gravity. In the text to follow you will see how a star forms, read about its life and how it becomes a black hole.

After a time, the hydrogen runs out almost completely, and it collapses. New reactions begin to take place in the core and these reactions cause the star to expand rapidly. As the stars begin to deplete their new fuel, they switch to others. New elements are formed in the cores of stars but they become too heavy. The star has reached its end growth. When it reaches the end, a tremendous amount of energy is released and it begins to shed its outer layers, the gravity is too weak hold onto them anymore. Once the layers are removed, in the stars place is a fiery core called a planetary nebula. Eventually, the core runs out of fuel and it collapses. This star is now in a very dense state, and is called a white dwarf. Eventually, the white dwarf cools until it no longer shines. This dead star is called a brown dwarf.More massive stars, however, have more violent ways of dying. Some stars turn it into a supergiant. Supergiant stars are extremely bright, and are extremely large. Supergiant stars cores, can collapse violently and suddenly. This collapse causes a tremendous explosion, called a

After its core hydrogen is depleted, a red main sequence star will go supernova after its red giant phase.

In this paper I will explain how astronomers determine the composition, temperature, speed, and rotation rate of distant objects using various methods. I will explain the properties of stars. I will also summarize the complete lifecycle of the Sun and determine where the Sun is currently in its lifecycle.

- Because the interior of a less massive star doesn’t reach sufficiently high temperature and pressure to fuse helium. So the only energy source is hydrogen.

As this slow contraction continues, the core temperature, density, and pressure of the star continues to increase. As the star shrinks it becomes so dense that it starts to compress helium. This results in the star to swell due to the hot core and leaving a relatively cool surface. Eventually the outer layers of the star expand outwards, increasing the size of the star. As the layers continue to expand, the surface temperature continues to cool, forming a relatively large star called a red giant.

They are very luminous stars that have a relatively cool surface temperature compared to the stars in the main sequence that have about the same luminosity. Red giants typically have low to intermediate mass than a regular star, even though they are about 1000 times larger in the red giant phase of stellar evolution. Red supergiants are known as the biggest stars by radius. The biggest red supergiant is mentioned as VY Canis Majoris. This star is about 1800 times bigger than our sun. Although there are plenty of red giants in space, none of them are that close to us. The closest red giant is Gamma Crucis (88 light years away).3

Just like humans, everything in the universe has a purpose. From the beginning of the moment anything is created into existence it grows and fulfills its purpose. Stars are no different. Every day, stars are created by gravity which pulls the star together, the star builds up heat and pressure, and then fusion begins. The process in which a star goes through is known as a star's life cycle. All stars start at the basic nebula phase, change to a protostar, and go on to the main sequence star phase. After the main sequence star phase, there are two different divisions that are determined by the mass of the star. If a star is known as a low-mass star it will have different life changes than a high-mass star. A low-mass star will become a

A red dwarf star is considered to be a great spot for life because of its potential for long term habitability. For earth, the habitable zone it resides in lasts only about 7 to 10 billion years. Compare that to a red dwarf, where a habitable zone can last for for a span almost five times greater than that for earth. Thus making a red dwarf a good candidate for life to grow, develop and become advanced. Another point to consider is that many planets orbiting M dwarf, red dwarf stars are highly likely to have large amounts of water which suggests the idea that there could be many habitable planets surrounding a red dwarf star. However, red dwarf stars have a few big problems. Due to the low luminosity of a red dwarf, planets have to be relatively close for it to be in the known habitable zone. And by being so close, planets face hostile conditions. One condition is the barrage of stellar wind, which could strip a planets atmosphere. Another is that the planet could be tidally locked, so only one side would face the star. Lastly, is that red dwarf stars are emit extreme EUV and X ray

At some point in the future when the hydrogen runs out, at that point the star will start to collapse itself under its own weight. It get denser, hotter until the point where it starts to use the helium atoms themselves as the fuel for the fusion. As the star begins to fuse helium, it creates more energy and that causes the outer layers of the star to start to expand. One day our sun will grow so large that it will swallow up the inner planets of our solar system. It will become a red giant, for the sun this will be the beginning of the end. Then they explode and become a supernova or for some biggggggggggeeeeerrr stars it would be a hypernova, which is waaaayyy stronger than a supernova; supernovas are some of the most beautiful sights in the universe. Lucky for us, our sun is too small to even explode and become a supernova. These explosion of stars are so powerful that it can outshine the whole galaxy during its explosion. For the

White dwarf is very small with diameter as the Earth and mass similar to the Sun formed when the core of red giant collapsed. The maximum mass a white dwarf can have is about 1.4 solar masses which is known as Chandrasekhar limit. A single star can be one mass at the start of life and still evolve into a white dwarf being 0.6 mass compressed into approximately the volume of the Earth. Even though it is hot, it is not as bright compared to its temperature of more than 8000° C. However, they cool down and fade over billions of years.

Once upon a time, long ago in the Heavens, there was the Sky Kingdom. Those in the Sky Kingdom could talk, and their job was to play their role in the sky. Stella and Stelling and all the other thousands of stars would have to light of the sky as dots. The sun’s job was to shine very brightly in the sky during what he called daylight. The entire Sky Kingdom consisted of lots of celestial bodies. Billions of them in fact.

According to NASA the composition of the white dwarf is apparently hardly noticeable and the attempt at those being the brightest was just as much as an ordinary 100 watt light bulb from the moon. The planetary nebula is the change from a medium mass star that’s a red giant to a white dwarf that’s very close to the power of the sun eventually

Main sequence stars like our own sun enduring in a state of nuclear fusion during which they will produce energy for billions of years by replacing hydrogen to helium. Stars change over billions of years. When their main sequence phase ends they pass through other states of existence according to their size and other characteristics. The larger a star's mass, the shorter its lifespan is. As stars move toward the end of their lives, much of their hydrogen will be converted to helium. Helium sinks to the star's core and raises the star's temperature—causing its outer shell to expand. These large, puffy stars are known as Red Giants. The red giant phase is actually a prelude to a star shedding its outer layers and becoming a small, dense body called a White Dwarf. White dwarfs cool down for billions and billions of years, until they finally go dark and produce no energy at all. Once this happens, scientists have yet to observe, such stars become known as Black Dwarfs. A few stars avoid this evolutionary path and instead go out with a bang, exploding as Supernovae. These violent explosions leave behind a small core that will then turn into something called a Neutron Star or even, if the remainder is large enough, it is then turned into something called a Black Hole.