Essay On Common Variable Immunodeficiency

J.F. is a 50-year-old married homemaker with a genetic autoimmune defi ciency; she has suffered from

The organism adheres to the epithelial cells in its host by pilli. This opportunistic pathogen can affect people of all ages and specifically targets patients that have immune deficiencies, debilitating diseases, and infants in the NICU. Patients are at greater risk of contracting the organism if they have recently had a surgery, mechanical ventilation, central venous catheter, arterial catheterization, inhalation medication therapy, tracheal tubes, or have low apgar scores. It can cause a variety of diseases and infections such as urinary tract infections, meningitis, pneumonia, respiratory tract infections, keratoconjunctivitis, osteomyelitis, keratitis, endocarditis, cutaneous infections, and endophthalmitis. (Currey,

Chronic disease - develops slowly but lasts a long time; HIV, Hep a/b/c; TB, Leprosy

Such high risk groups are people with asthma, chronic congestive heart failure, people with metabolic disorders, adults older than sixty-five, children less than five years of age, pregnant women, individuals residing in nursing homes and other long-term care facilities (National Advisory Committee on Immunization, 2015). Their flu-related complications are the result of suppressed immune systems due to underlying conditions and children that have not developed sufficient antibodies due to their young age (Jill Jin, MD, MPH,

Jorde, L. B., Bamshad, M. J., White, R. L. and John C. Carey MD MPH Dr. (2006) Medical genetics updated edition for 2006 – 2007. 3rd edn. United States: Mosby.

From the results in Table 1 shown above, IIV and the nosemas have been found in higher frequencies compared to the other pathogens. The observation colonies with IIV had a frequency of 8 in 2006, 18 in 2007 and 9 in 2008. This shows that the frequency of IIV is fairly high compared to the others and therefore could be one of the causes of CCD. With the nosema groups (1 and 2), the observation colonies with nosema 1 had a frequency of 5 while nosema 2 with 3 in 2006, 18 for nosema 1 and 11 for nosema 2 in 2007 and 9 for nosema 1 and 0 for nosema 2 in 2008.

Despite the introduction of new medications and therapies such as probiotics and immune therapy to treat CDI, we still see high rates of reoccurrence.

Also know as Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS), Post-viral fatigue syndrome (PVFS), chronic fatigue immune dysfunction syndrome (CFIDS), Tapanui Flu or most recently renamed as Systemic exertion intolerance disease (SEID). In reality, these names mean nothing, the medical world still does not know the cause of ME, or the treatment needed.

The patient condition like old age, severe condition of disease, immunocompromised state and antibiotics resistance cause the VAP. This is because, occurrence of infection is directly related to the condition of host. Aged patients are more susceptible to develop VAP, as they suffer from COPD and immune compromise state. As the age increases the immune system decreases so the ability to fight against the disease decreases. On the other hand, the chronic disease and nutrition deficiency in older age further exaggerate the probability of developing infection. This is supported by the study of Blot et al., (2014, p. 608) which compares the prevalence rate and mortality rate

Cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMV retinitis) is a viral infection of the retina in the eye which activates in people with a weakened immune systems, such as those with HIV/AIDS, those undergoing chemotherapy, recipients of organ donations and newborns. The

Babies with congenital CMV who are sick at birth tend to have significant signs and symptoms, including:

The true cause of this illness is not yet known. Several studies in the 1980's tried to link CFS with the Epstein-Barr virus (CFS pamphlet). This virus is one in the family of herpes viruses, and EBV infection are almost inevitable in all humans. However, more recently it has been found that some CFS patients lack the EBV antibodies, which means they never had this virus (Bell, 1994). Therefore, there has been no consistent link found between elevated EBV antibodies and the presence of CFS.

Patients with these autoantibodies in general can be affected at any age, don’t have cancer and usually respond well to immunotherapy resulting in substantial recovery, about 70 to 80% of the cases (Lancaster et al, 2011). The field is continuously expanding, with many labs around the world focused on finding new antigenic targets and new clinical phenotypes associated with previously and novel detected autoantibodies (Vincent et al, 2011). In this review we are going to discuss the different technical approaches used to identify these autoantibodies, its advantages, limitations and future

With autoimmune diseases, the underlying issue is similar. The body's immune system becomes unable to recognize healthy cells from diseased cells. Consequently, the immune’s own defense mechanism produces antibodies that attack the normal tissues and cells. Autoimmune diseases

To be considered a primary immunodeficiency, the cause of the immune deficiency must not be secondary in nature so its not caused by other disease or environmental exposure to toxins.