Essay On Coronary Artery Anomaly

In December of 1992, my paternal grandfather suffered a heart attack. He had been hauling several 50 lb. sacks of corn up into the deer feeder on his property by himself. He got into his truck, turned the ignition, put it into drive and before he could take his foot off the brake, he was dead. He was 68 years old. I was thirteen and that seemed so old. I remember that prior to the event there were many conversations within my family about the condition of my grandfather’s heart and cardiovascular system and how he needed to make lifestyle changes. I remember him taking nitroglycerine pills. I remember him coming to Dallas to go to an appointment so that they could perform tests with names like “stress EKG.” I

The following summary is an updated case study of a 47 year old male patient, Jim who was diagnosed with Coronary Artery Disease. The patient did receive information on what CAD is and was informed that test were needed to fully diagnose and be evaluated for underlying conditions (high blood pressure, high blood cholesterol levels, diabetes and blockage. I will discuss the type of test needed for this condition and tests for any underlying conditions that are related to this disease. The type of treatment needed to control and lower his risk factor. I will also give the patient information about complementary and alternative medicine so the patient will be well informed about different types of treatment. The patient will be informed about the prognosis of the disease, and the options that the patient has to succeed in the changes in his lifestyle that are needed.

They may start with a physical exam and listening to the patient’s heart. If an abnormal heartbeat is heard the doctor may recommend an electrocardiogram. This procedure monitors the electrical impulses of the heart to detect irregular heart beat. Chest X-rays may also be used to better evaluate the heart and lungs. There are also many other ways to detect defects such as an echocardiogram, exercise stress test, cardiac catheterization, CT scan, or MRI. Congenital heart disease can be minor or severe, so depending on the case there are many different treatment options. For minor cases medications and regular exams will do. For severe cases, implantable heart devices, catheter procedures, and even open-heart surgery may be needed. In rare cases a heart transplant may be required. Congenital heart disease can affect both children and

You need to explain to him the s/s of blood clotting (since he may have too low an INR d/t treatment and he needs to know this). Explain that his a-fib puts him at risk for blood clots.

Coronary Artery Disease, also known as CAD, is the most common form of heart disease. (Heart and Stroke Foundation, 2009) Coronary Artery Disease obstructs the blood flow in vessels that provides blood to the heart which is caused by the buildup of plaque on the artery walls. (Rogers, 2011, p.87) (Heart and Stroke Foundation, 2009) Plaque is a yellow substance that consists of fat substances, like cholesterol, and narrows or clogs the arteries which prevents blood flow. (Heart and Stroke Foundation, 2009) Plaque can build up in any artery but usually favors large and medium sized arteries. (Heart and Stroke Foundation, 2009)

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the commonest heart disease in the United States1. Approximately, 29% of patients with Myocardial Infarction ( MI ) present with ST- elevation Myocardial Infarction ( STEMI )2. STEMI is the result of complete occlusion of a major epicardial coronary artery due to thrombus formation. STEMI from a small coronary artery presenting as substantial EKG abnormalities similar to occlusion of a major artery and hemodynamic instability is a rare entity. The epidemiology, typical clinical presentation, outcomes, and optimal management in this group of patients are not sufficiently known.

A coronary angiography provides information about the hearts blood pressure and functioning. This procedure can identify whether the coronary arteries are blocked or narrowing. A tube/camera is passed through an artery in the groin or arm; it is guided using x-rays up to the heart. A coronary angiogram is a safe procedure, but there are some small side affect. You may feel a slightly strange sensation when the dye is put down the catheter, a small amount of bleeding when the catheter is removed, a bruise in your groin or arm.

Aortic arch angiogram: shows right aortic arch with the following branching pattern (from proximal to distal): left common carotid, right common carotid, right subclavian artery. The origin of left subclavian (with anomalous origin) was not seen as it was ligated previously. However, the distal portion is filled with diluted contrats likely through a retrograde flow through the left vertebral artery. Patent Rt MAPCA with no intimal ingrowth was seen in the previously placed stent at the origin of Rt MAPCA. Dilated tortus RIMA which is likely profusion the right upper lung lobe (aortopulmonary collaterals) left BT shunt is wide patent (connected left common carotid artery to the interposition graft) with good caliber with mild narrowing at its insertion in the interposition graft.

ACS also referred to as Acute Coronary syndrome is the blockage of blood flow to the heart. Some symptoms that occur when ACS takes place is chest pains (angina pectoris), having pains in the upper and lower extremities, shortness of breath, nausea and sweating. There are risk factors that can increase your risk for ACS such as smoking, high blood pressure, high cholesterol and diabetes. Some ways in order to test for ACS is a blood test and electrocardiogram. It can show whether or not heart cells are dying. After being diagnosed with ACS, treatment is available. Some treatment options include medications, angioplasty and stents.

To diagnose a coronary artery disease (CAD) the doctor will use a coronary angiogram procedure to find the percentage of blockage or narrow in arteries, the angiogram results will help the doctor to decide a decision on patient treatment depends on the percentage of blockage on coronary artery, age, weight, and whether patients have other medical conditions, like diabetes . In cases with obstructive average a 50% or slightly more are treated by medications and Balloon angioplasty, but what about the cases with more than one artery completely blockage or the medication and stent do not help them? The doctor will choose a coronary artery bypass grafting surgery (CABG) to restore blood flow in the heart, CABG is a surgery done through replacement

One source of great mortality and morbidity in Europe and North America is the cardiovascular disease, Atherosclerosis. It is recognized as a chronic inflammatory disease of the intermediate and large arteries characterized by the thickening of the arterial wall and is the primary cause of coronary and cerebrovascular heart disease (Wilson, 2005). It accounts for 4.35 million deaths in Europe and 35% death in the UK each year. Mortality rate are generally higher in men than pre-menopausal woman. Past the menopause, a woman’s risk is similar to a man’s (George and Johnston, 2010). Clinical trials have confirmed that lipid accumulation, endothelial dysfunction, cell proliferation, inflammation matrix alteration and foam cell formation are

has to work harder pumping blood to the rest of the body. Blood in our

Cardiac catheterization is often referred to as coronary angiography or a coronary angiogram. It is a radiographic procedure that is used to look at and visualize the heart and the coronary arteries. During a cardiac catheterization it is possible for the cardiologist performing the procedure to see how effectively blood is flowing through the coronary arteries. In addition, this procedure allows the cardiologists to see how blood is moving through the chambers of the heart and how effective the heart valves are functioning. A cardiac catheterization can also allow for the visualization of the movement of the walls of the heart to see if the pumping action of the heart is normal.

Echocardiography is the initial diagnostic modality for a patient with suspected congenital heart disease. In some patients, however, use of this modality is encumbered by its limited ability to delineate great arteries and intra cardiac anomalies, pulmonary veins, and coronary arteries. (7)

Cardiac catheterization a long flexible thin tube place in blood vessel in arm, groin, or neck looks in coronary arteries. Dye can be added to see how well the heart is pumping.