Essay On Covert Conduct Disorder

Disruptive Behavior Disorders. Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), conduct disorder (CD), and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) form a cluster of childhood disorders considered to be “disruptive behavior disorders” (American Psychiatric Association, 2004). Although most violent adolescents have more than one mental disorder and they may have internalizing disorders, for example depression or substance abuse, there appear to be increasingly higher rates of physical aggression found in these adolescents who experience disruptive behavior disorders than for those with other mental disorders. The fact that violent juvenile offenders are more likely to have these diagnoses is not surprising, because impulsive and/or aggressive behaviors are part of their diagnostic criteria. Additionally, there is relatively high co-morbidity with substance abuse disorders, which are also associated with juvenile violence (Moeller, 2001). Individuals with conduct disorder have the following features but this list is not inclusive for example they may have little empathy and little concern for the feelings, wishes, and wellbeing of others, respond with aggression, may be callous and lack appropriate feelings of guilt re remorse, self-esteem may be low despite a projected

TED Talk stated that the greatest risk factors for children who are identified as having conduct problems are that they will end up in prison. 1 in 5 children that are diagnosed with conduct disorder from ages 5 to 6 years of age will cost over $1 million dollars. The book stated that they are often aggressive and psychological cruel to people. They will destroy people’s property, steal, skip school, and many more bad things if you treat it later it will be more difficult. Schools does use some of the strategies and resources that are recommended by The Virtues Project, because it helps to understand the how they should talk to children. I think that families and teachers do not integrate some strategies because sometimes it does not work,

Today, as many as 3.5% of children in the United States are being diagnosed with Conduct Disorders some as early as age three (Perou, et al., 2013). Research has shown that CD is a behavior that predicts Oppositional Defiant Disorder and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder symptoms at age six (Harvey and Metcalfe, 2013).

In order for someone to be diagnosed with Conduct Disorder, they must meet all the criteria A through C, and Criteria A clearly states that a client must have experience 3 of the 15 statements listed in the DSM-V, within the last 12 months. The behaviors include aggression toward people and animals, destruction of property, deceitfulness and stealing, and other serious violations of rules. Eddies actions do not fit into this criteria since he is not aggressive or bullying classmates or friends, and although his parents have stated that he “demolished” the kitchen or living room, it is clear he is not violent or prone to lying and stealing. The only blatant disregard for rules that could be considered dangerous was when Eddie ran out of the house and wandered into the street until someone returned him home. However, that occurred when he was four years old, not in the last 12 months. Eddie does not fit into Criteria A due to a lack of violent nature. Criteria B states that the individuals behaviors cause a significant impairment in social, academic or occupational functioning, however, since Eddies behaviors do not fit into Criteria A, this does not apply. Lastly, Criteria C states that if the client is 18 years or older, they do not meet the criteria for antisocial personality disorder, which also doesn’t apply to Eddie. It is clear after looking through all Criteria A-C, Eddie does not have conduct disorder.

There are two common type of disruptive behavior disorders that affects children lives in a negative fashion when not treated properly. According to the American Academy of Pediatrics (2004) “Behaviors typical of disruptive behavior disorders can closely resemble ADHD particularly where impulsivity and hyperactivity are involved but ADHD, ODD, and CD are considered separate conditions that can occur independently. About one third of all children with ADHD have coexisting ODD, and up to one quarter have coexisting CD” .The two types of disruptive behavior disorders are oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder. Some symptoms of disruptive behavior disorder is breaking rules, defiant, argumentative, disobedient behaviors towards authority

If ODD was not treated properly in childhood it will most likely follow them into their adolescent life. When the adolescent is in school and becomes defiant and argumentative people might think that it is a phase that the person is going through even though it is not. This could cause serious problems in the person’s education and their home life, and then so on into their adult life. Also ODD is also often viewed as a mild variation of a conduct disorder (Essau, 2003). The only differences between the two is that CD and ODD have different diagnostic requirements when they are compared. Although the only difference between the two is that CD is a more extreme than ODD. A client with ODD is often most times very out of control when getting orders from authority figures. This is why ODD is a major problem when it comes to being prevalent in adolescents. When ODD is present it is often times very hard for the parent to control the child. The child will often times be very out of control and not listen to the orders that the parent of authority figure is giving them. ODD can become a major problem if not treated correctly.

Opposition Defiant disorder, also known as (ODD), can be classified as disruptive behavior disorder (DBD). This type of disorder represents a persons inability to control their emotions or behaviors. Individuals diagnosed with ODD tend to be hostile, vindictive, and may display irritability. Adolescents with Odd tend to display a pattern of angry outburst, arguments, disobedience, etc. toward other individuals such as parents, teachers, classmates, friends, or other authority figures. Symptoms of ODD tend to decrease as adolescent’s age, and problems generally are not long lasting.

Symptoms of adhd are not paying attention to detail, making careless mistakes, failing to pay attention and keep on task, not listening, being unable to follow or understand instructions, being distracted, fidgeting, squirming, getting up often when seated, running, talking excessively, having trouble playing quietly, and interrupting

The Freeze, Burke, & Vorster, (2014) study presupposed that conduct disorder is categorized by a monotonous, long-lasting and stubborn array of numerous problem performances in which the human rights of other individuals or age-applicable social standards or guidelines are disrupted. These problematic actions can be separated into four key groups: violence to individuals and animals, obliteration of possessions and things, untrustworthiness or stealing and severe defilements of guidelines (Freeze, Burke, & Vorster, 2014). The Freeze, Burke, & Vorster, (2014) project claimed the harshness of conduct disorder conditions can be categorized as minor, modest or austere. Individuals with conduct disorder have restricted altruistic feelings as displayed

Antisocial personality disorder (ASPD), opposition defiant disorder (ODD), and conduct disorder (CD) are three distinct disorders based upon their respective diagnostic criteria in the DSM-5. If ODD and CD were mild forms of ASPD, then there would need to be causal relationship between the childhood manifestations of ODD and CD and the adult manifestation of ASPD. There is evidence of comorbidity between ODD and CD, and also evidence to suggest that children diagnosed with these disorders may go on to develop ASPD later in life; however, correlation does not equal causation. The three disorders have subtle but important differences in their associated behaviors, underlying causes, treatment outcomes, and neurological signs.

In his article, “Is Your Child Becoming a Psychopath?” Michael Schroeder explains what conduct disorder is by stating, “‘A child who has a diagnosis of conduct disorder may be showing… aggression towards other people - for instance, being a bully, threatening or intimidating other, engaging in physical fights,’ [Dr. Jeffrey Borenstein] says. ‘It could be using a weapon to cause or that could cause harm to another person, being cruel to other people or to animals, stealing, destruction of property and often lying - those would be some of the types of things that would be a warning sign for a parent’” (Schroeder). Conduct disorder is types of antisocial behavior that often appear in children and adolescence.

According to Seligman and Reichenberg (2014), “therapists should have a solid understanding of the multiple casual factors that lead to the development of…disorder” (p.78). As discussed previously, therapists need to consider a child’s past traumatic experiences before moving into treatment. With the knowledge of a child’s early attachment trauma, family dynamics, and attachment style the therapist is better able to meet the child where they are at. It is also recommended that therapists working with children with conduct disorder related symptomology may be “called on to develop behavioral strategies for changing negative behaviors and provide training in social skills and problem solving. Therefore knowledge of behavior therapies, family therapy, and psychoeducation is needed” (Seligman & Reichenberg, 2014, p.79). In this excerpt, it seems that the therapist needs to be flexible to meet the needs of the child within a personal, family, social, and school-based setting. It also appears that working both within and in-between these domains of functioning are vital for positive therapeutic growth. Cognitive-behavioral therapy is also supported in research conducted by Copping et al. (2001) where this mode of therapy has been found to reduce conduct disorder related symptomology and overall social relations with peers. Within this framework, it is recommended that “therapists should not engage in win-lose battles, should not trust the adolescents’ portrayal of their own

Well conduct disorder is a complicated group of behavioral and emotional problems in youngsters. Children and adolescents with this disorder have great difficulty following rules and behaving in a socially acceptable way. They are often viewed by other children, adults and social agencies as bad or delinquent, rather than mentally ill.

For a diagnosis, these behaviors must occur for at least a six-month period. Conduct disorder has a multifactorial etiology that includes biologic, psychosocial and familial factors. The different race have influenced Scott, “He also stated that he disliked his school, as he was the only "black" person there” Morgan, R. K. (1999). Therefor, him feeling difference makes him disliked school and also he add that he did not have to do much because just because he was “black” student was scared of him. Another variables that has have influenced Scott behaviors is Child Abuse and Neglect that he get from both parents.

Overt conduct disorder violate social rules and includes a wide variety of antisocial behaviors such as aggression, theft, vandalism, firesetting, lying, truancy, and running away. It interferes with everyday functioning at home and school. Students with overt conduct disorder “perform harmful behaviors at a much higher rate and at a much later age than normally developing student” (Kauffman 2005).