Essay On Diabetes Drugs

When the blood glucose levels rise above the optimum, the pancreas detects this, and sends a metabolic signal for the pancreas to produce insulin in the beta cells. The beta cells are a part of a cluster of cells called the Islets of Langerhan. The hormone insulin is made here because the pancreas is a part of the endocrine system. (4) Insulin helps our cells convert glucose into energy, and it helps our bodies store extra glucose for use later. Insulin does this by turning the extra food into larger packages of glucose called glycogen. Glycogen is stored in the liver and muscles. When the body consumes food the pancreas will produce more insulin than normal as more is needed, and less insulin when it is not needed as much. (7)

Diabetes is a growing concern and health challenge for the American people (b). Diabetes is a condition in which the body cannot react to insulin appropriately or either cannot produce insulin efficiently (w). “Without a properly functioning insulin signaling system, blood glucose levels become elevated and other metabolic abnormalities occur, leading to the development of serious, disabling complications” (w). There are numerous forms of diabetes amongst the nation, however, there are three main forms of diabetes. Most people have heard of type one diabetes, type two diabetes, and gestational diabetes because they are common. Type two diabetes deals with a resistance to insulin, while

It’s important the beta cells work and this insulin is released so that the body has access to this chemical when needed. People with Diabetes will struggle to naturally produce insulin due to autoimmunity (where the beta cells are destroyed by the immune system). Initially, this means having to maintain your blood glucose levels by injecting or eating sugary foods if your blood sugar levels drop.

When food is ingested in a person body it is broken down into smaller components including a sugar called glucose. Glucose travels to the cells in our body through the bloodstream and this is made possible due to insulin. As stated earlier insulin is produced by the beta cells and is stored in the pancreas. When the glucose levels go up in a person’s body the pancreas release the stored insulin in order for the glucose to get into the cells. To summarize insulin is what allows for glucose to produce energy. The cells in our body

Diabetes is a very common chronic medial disorder and expected to be a big medical challenge of the twenty first century (Clark, 2004). It is a condition, in which the glucose level in the blood becomes so high that the body is unable to utilize it properly. This long-term condition results when the pancreas of the victim is either not able to produce enough insulin (sometimes even cannot produce any insulin) or the insulin produced cannot work properly. Diabetes is divided into two main types: Type 1 and Type 2. Type 1, also known as insulin dependent diabetes milletus (Masharani, 2008) cannot be prevent while Type 2 can be prevented but if the patient is at pre-diabetes stage.

Special cells called beta cells located in the pancreas produce a hormone called insulin. The function of insulin is to transform blood sugar, also known as glucose, taken from foods consumed into energy. Insulin moves glucose into cells where it is stored for energy use. Type-two diabetes occurs when the body is incapable of utilizing insulin properly due to the failure of appropriate production from the pancreas. This failure, called insulin resistance, inhibits blood sugar from entering the cells throughout the body and turning it into energy. The glucose is not able to enter the cells, thus creating high levels of sugar in the blood. This elevated sugar levels in the blood is also known as hyperglycemia. In an overweight or obese body, it is harder to utilize insulin correctly due to the increased body fat. Although a normal weight person can develop diabetes, the chances are greater with increased fat in the midsection of the body. A malfunctioning liver, miscommunication between cells, and damaged beta cells could also lead to diabetes. Factors

Diabetes type 2 is a condition in which blood sugar levels are too high. After eating foods that contain carbohydrates, chemicals in the small intestine break down the carbohydrates into simple sugar molecules called glucose. The cell lining of the small intestine absorbs the glucose, which then passes into the bloodstream. When the blood reaches the pancreas, beta cells in the pancreas detect the rising glucose levels. To reduce the glucose level, beta cells release insulin into the bloodstream. As the blood circulates through the body, the insulin and glucose exit the bloodstream into tissue to reach the body’s cells. Most cells of the body have certain receptors on their surface that bind to the circulating insulin. Insulin acts like a key in a lock to open up the cell so that the circulating glucose can get inside the cell. The cell can use the glucose to produce the energy it needs to function properly. If a person has insulin resistance, insulin cannot unlock the cells to let glucose in because the locks, called receptors, are abnormal and/or missing. As a result, glucose is locked out of the cells. The amount of glucose builds up in the bloodstream in a condition called hyperglycemia. To compensate for hyperglycemia, the pancreas produces more and more insulin. Overworked beta cells try to keep with the demand, but gradually lose their ability to produce enough insulin.

Diabetes is an insidious as well as a debilitating metabolic disease with variety of causes. (Bolajoko Idiat Ogunyinka ) Diabetes comes in two forms, type one and type two. Both types are manageable with different types of treatments and lifestyle changes. Many people live for years undiagnosed. “Diabetes remains the 7th leading cause of death in the United States in 2010.” (National Diabetes Statistics) Unfortunately, a cure for diabetes remains undiscovered.

eventually become insulin dependent due to the loss of pancreatic beta cells.3 Glycemic control is

Insulin is produced by beta cells in pancreas. It is a hormone that helps our body to use glucose as energy. After food consumption, carbohydrates will be broken down into glucose. Insulin helps the cells in our body to absorb the glucose from the bloodstream to use it as energy. Furthermore, insulin can also help to balance our blood glucose level. Insulin signals the liver to convert glucose into glycogen to store it when the blood glucose level is high. The stored glucose will only be released when the blood glucose level is low.

In Type I Diabetes, the body is unable to store and use glucose as an energy source effectively. The pancreas secretes a hormone called insulin, as mentioned above, that helps lower blood sugar. While inside of your pancreas beta cells produce the insulin, however,

Beta cells of the endocrine pancreas constantly monitor glucose levels circulating in the blood and respond accordingly by releasing insulin. Glucose is the primary physiological stimulus of insulin secretion. When blood glucose concentration is elevated, glucose is transported across the beta cell plasma membrane by passive diffusion through glucose transporters (GLUT-1

As the beta cells make it, this insulin is released from the pancreas into the bloodstream. Facts About Insulin and Diabetes, n.d. )It binds to the receptors on the surfaces of the body’s cells. This activates each cell’s glucose transporter molecules, which then form an entrance in the cell membrane. Now through this entrance, glucose can enter the body’s cells. To store this glucose, the insulin turns extra food into larger packages of glucose called glycogen. Soon, blood sugar levels will drop as the glucose enters the body’s cells.The beta cells of the pancreas will sense the lower blood sugar levels and slow down the amount of insulin they’re making. At same time, the pancreas will slow down the amount of insulin it is releasing into the bloodstream. The amount of glucose in the bloodstream will depend on what you eat and how much of it. Using glucose for energy and keeping it balanced with just the right amount of insulin is way our bodies maintain energy needed to stay alive and function. (Function of Insulin, 2015)

Insulin is a hormone synthesized exclusively by the pancreatic beta cells. These beta cells are located in the pancreas in clusters known as the islets of Langerhans. Insulin is a small protein produced as part of a larger protein to ensure it folds properly. In the protein assembly of

Characterised by impaired β-cell and insulin function, diabetes mellitus is undoubtedly becoming a hallmark point of interest in science and pharmacology. Indeed, a wide array of antihyperglycaemic agents have been successfully developed and used for the treatment of diabetes including Type 1, Type 2, and gestational varieties. However, many of these drugs have traditionally been targeted at single molecular targets and have unknown effects on the direct turnover of β-cells (Finan et al., 2015). GLP-1 agonists are one new class of drugs used to treat Type 2 diabetes and target the incretin hormone group to increase their levels in the body, thereby stimulating insulin release. GLP-1 agonists have been shown to display additional positive effects on gastric emptying and satiety following meals. Fosgerau et al., (2013) used GLP-1 agonists in conjunction