Essay On Photoelectrode

[2] McCray, J. A., & Trentham, D. R. (1989). Properties and uses of photoreactive caged compounds. Annual review of biophysics and biophysical chemistry,18(1), 239-270.

In this communications, PEDOT: PPS electrode is employed as a counter electrode in a dye-sensitized solar cell for low-cost photosensor applications. TiO2 nanomaterial is used as photoanode. The structure of the PEDOT: PPS film was investigated by atomic force microscope. This DSSC behaves like Schottky diode at the dark condition. The photovoltaic behavior was studied in the light intensity range 5 - 130 mW/cm-2. This cell has a stable fill factor of about 0.5 for all the studied illumination intensity range. The linear photo-response of the current suggests that new designed DSSC with the polymeric counter electrode is a promising device for the low-cost photosensor. The cell shows capacitance inversion from positive to

The highly conjugated system of the cyanine dyes makes it a very good compound in the development of more efficient solar cells. In this experiment, the maximum wavelength was measured for nine dyes using a UV-Vis spectrum. The result that were obtained agreed with Kuhn’s model for the less polarizable end groups such as 3,3 '-diethyloxadicarbocyanine and 3,3 '-diethyloxatricarbocyanine. That suggested that these two compounds were not as easy to polarize compared to the rest of the dyes. The rest of the dyes required the use of the empirical parameter α to provide more reliable predictions of the wavelengths. This was due to the highly polarized ends of the dyes which needed the adjustment of the parameter to get more accurate results. The series with the higher polarizable end groups’ absorbed higher wavelength light than the less polarized groups. This supported the idea of the one-dimensional box. Also, higher wavelength was determined to be associated with longer conjugated carbon methine chains between the Nitrogen atoms. Kuhn’s free electron model was very reliable for this system.

AZO thin films are prepared by the sol-gel route. As a starting material, zinc acetate dehydrate (Zn(CH3COO)2, 2H2O) (sigma Aldrich) is dissolved in a mixture of pure ethanol and monoethanolamine (MEA, C2H7NO) to yield a precursor concentration of 0.75 M. Aluminum nitrate nonahydrate (Al(NO3)3, 9H2O) (sigma Aldrich) was added to provide a solution with an atom ratio Al/Zn of 3%. This resulting mixture was stirred for 1 h at 50°C. The MEA to zinc acetate molar ratio was set to 1.0. Prior to sample deposition, the glass substrates were firstly degreased by detergent and rinsed with distilled water. The substrates were subsequently cleaned ultrasonically in ethanol and acetone for 15 min at 60°C each time and then dried in a furnace at 100°C for

Six AP chemistry students, including myself, were selected to do research at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute with Dr. Peter Dinolfo last Summer. At RPI, Dr. Dinolfo and two of his graduate students helped us connect our knowledge of AP chemistry, to the creation of our very own Dye Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSCs).

This report documents the work done during Summer internship at BHEL ASSCP(Amorphous Silicon Solar Cell Plant). The report shall give an overview of the following:-

Thus, numbers of articles devoted to ZnO photoelectrode with the aim to enhance efficiency by reducing the charge carrier recombination, and improving electrical/optical performance [9-12]. In this regard, doping is the most advantageous approach to modify ZnO structures. Different kind of metals such as lanthanum [13], aluminum [14], tin [15], magnesium [16] and titanium [17] has been widely investigated as effective dopants in ZnO photoelectrode for improving the performance. Moreover, earlier reports on the DSSC have proven that the active area is directly proportional to the power conversion efficiency [18]. Therefore, we attempted to incorporate indium into ZnO to improve above cited aspects with an ideal working area (0.25cm2) of photoanode in DSSC. Indium (In3+) was chosen as dopant, because it has a noteworthy contribution in transparent conducting oxide materials and much work devoted in indium doped ZnO as a transparent conducting oxide film [19-20]. Owing to their remarkable properties such as high electronegativity, minute native lattice distortion with preferable chemical stability make indium as suitable donor than other elements for finding high quality ZnO based transparent conducting oxide with an excellent conductivity in DSSCs [21]. Rama Krishna Chava et al. used In doped ZnO nanoparticles as photoanode material and reports carrier

Three types of linear and planar-structured donor (D)–acceptor (A) type alternating copolymers were synthesized by incorporating intrachain noncovalent Coulomb interactions, based on 2,5-bisthieno[3,2-b]thiophene-1,4-bis(decyltetradecyloxy)benzene and benzothiadiazole (BT) moieties. The chain linearity and systematic adjustment of interchain organization was achieved by the incorporation of different number of electronegative fluorine atoms onto BT, which significantly affected the frontier energy levels, film morphology, and the resulting charge transport properties. Bimodal semi-crystalline orientation and charge carrier transport properties were studied by grazing incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS) and polymer filed effect transistor (PFET) characteristics measurements. The hole mobility as high as 0.1 cm2/Vs in PFET was measured for poly(2,5-bisthieno[3,2-b]thiophene-1,4-bis(decyltetradecyloxy)benzene-alt-4,7-(5,6-difluoro-2,1,3 -benzothiadiazole)) (PPDTT2FBT), suggesting a strong self-organization in the linear configuration with conformation lock with the help of fluorine atoms. The linear and difluorinated PPDTT2FT also showed the highest power conversion efficiency (PCE, 6.4%) by blending with PC71BM, but showed a poorer photovoltaic performance compared to the wavy-structured counterpart, PPDT2FBT, reported previously. The mainly edge-on orientation of PPDTT2FT and poor blend film morphology attributed to the moderate PCE in the blends. Fine modulation

Abstract—Solar cells have long been regarded as the most promising choice for the development of cost-effective and reliable energy. This paper reviews recent progress and challenges in the development of solar cell processing and fabrication. The comparison of various solar technologies and future scope for this are briefly reviewed. Next, the issues and challenges in light trapping and the nature of textured interface, quality of the active-layer material and antireflection coatings are detailed.

Recently semiconductor based photo-catalysis as a sort of Green technology which has attracted notable attraction among the researchers.

Recently semiconductor based photo-catalysis as a sort of green technology which has attracted notable attraction among the researchers.

"For years, scientists have been trying to come up with a way to use the same energy system that plants do but with an altered end output. Using nothing but sunlight as the energy input, plants execute massive energy conversions, turning billions of CO2 into energy for animals in the form of food, every year, using only 3% percent of the sunlight that reaches Earth" (Layton, 2012). The power that is accessible in sunlight is an under used source that has only just lately started to truly be assessed. Present photovoltaic-cell technology, which is characteristically a semiconductor-based system, is very pricey, not very adept, and only does direct alterations to electricity from sunlight. There problem is that is that there is currently no way for the energy output to be stored for later use. One way to

In this work, their substrates are Pilkington TEC-15 (SnO2:F/SnO2) glass plates. And before thin film deposition, the glass plate would be cleaned by standard cleaning procedure. And Darmstadt Integrated System for SOLarcell research(DAISY-SOL) was used to determine the thin film deposition of the CdS and CdTe individually. And the CdS deposition was double layer structure, the first layer was deposited at high temperature in range of 520 to 540 °C, while the second layer was deposited at 250 °C. And for the CdTe layer, was deposited under vacuum condition, in order to minimize the likelihood of pinhole formation. And it also formed 2 layers under 490-530 °C and 350 °C individually [2].

This paper will present the degradation of solar cell performance when exposed to solar wind in space, particularly in the Van Allen belt region. Also, solar cell theory is mathematically modeled and described using Matlab simulation software accompanied by the SRIM software to generate the targeting data. Follow with the degradation modeling of Si, InGaP/GaAs/Ge triple-junction space solar cells when are exposed to high energy charged particles, especially protons and electrons in the Mega-electron-Volt range. In this model, carrier removal rate of the base layer and damage coefficient of minority carrier diffusion length in each sub-cell are considered as radiation degradation parameters. In addition, this paper will present the status of high radiation-resistant solar cells made from Si, InGaP/GaAs/Ge for space application to guarantee the successful operation of the satellite.

Large solar plants occupy a vast area of land and threaten wildlife because one square kilometer is needed to produce 40 megawatts of energy from solar power.4 British scientists are attempting to improve the effectiveness of photovoltaic cells by utilizing “copper indium diselenide and cadmium telluride to find an affordable and more sustainable way to make solar panels to convert light energy into electricity.”5