Essay On Photoelectrode

The highly conjugated system of the cyanine dyes makes it a very good compound in the development of more efficient solar cells. In this experiment, the maximum wavelength was measured for nine dyes using a UV-Vis spectrum. The result that were obtained agreed with Kuhn’s model for the less polarizable end groups such as 3,3 '-diethyloxadicarbocyanine and 3,3 '-diethyloxatricarbocyanine. That suggested that these two compounds were not as easy to polarize compared to the rest of the dyes. The rest of the dyes required the use of the empirical parameter α to provide more reliable predictions of the wavelengths. This was due to the highly polarized ends of the dyes which needed the adjustment of the parameter to get more accurate results. The series with the higher polarizable end groups’ absorbed higher wavelength light than the less polarized groups. This supported the idea of the one-dimensional box. Also, higher wavelength was determined to be associated with longer conjugated carbon methine chains between the Nitrogen atoms. Kuhn’s free electron model was very reliable for this system.

In this communications, PEDOT: PPS electrode is employed as a counter electrode in a dye-sensitized solar cell for low-cost photosensor applications. TiO2 nanomaterial is used as photoanode. The structure of the PEDOT: PPS film was investigated by atomic force microscope. This DSSC behaves like Schottky diode at the dark condition. The photovoltaic behavior was studied in the light intensity range 5 - 130 mW/cm-2. This cell has a stable fill factor of about 0.5 for all the studied illumination intensity range. The linear photo-response of the current suggests that new designed DSSC with the polymeric counter electrode is a promising device for the low-cost photosensor. The cell shows capacitance inversion from positive to

Photocatalysis is one of the clean and renewable technologies, utilizes naturally enormous abundant, clean and safe solar power. The cheap solar energy harnessing is one of the most exciting features to gain significant attention toward photocatalysis direction. Titanium oxide-based photocatalyst has shown considerable interest since the discovery because of the excellent properties such as chemical and photostability, eco-friendly nature and high catalytic reactivity.2,3 TiO2 photocatalysts have been widely engaged in various photocatalytic applications such as water and air cleaning, self-cleaning and anti-fogging TiO2 coated glasses, tiles, and shelters. TiO2 only generates electron-hole pairs under UV light, which are responsible for the photocatalytic reaction. There are numerous investigations have been done to alter the TiO2 structures to absorb visible lights. The strategy includes adding noble metals4, cations5, non-metals6, and metal oxides7 through various methods such as sol-gel8, physical ion-implantation methods,

AZO thin films are prepared by the sol-gel route. As a starting material, zinc acetate dehydrate (Zn(CH3COO)2, 2H2O) (sigma Aldrich) is dissolved in a mixture of pure ethanol and monoethanolamine (MEA, C2H7NO) to yield a precursor concentration of 0.75 M. Aluminum nitrate nonahydrate (Al(NO3)3, 9H2O) (sigma Aldrich) was added to provide a solution with an atom ratio Al/Zn of 3%. This resulting mixture was stirred for 1 h at 50°C. The MEA to zinc acetate molar ratio was set to 1.0. Prior to sample deposition, the glass substrates were firstly degreased by detergent and rinsed with distilled water. The substrates were subsequently cleaned ultrasonically in ethanol and acetone for 15 min at 60°C each time and then dried in a furnace at 100°C for

Six AP chemistry students, including myself, were selected to do research at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute with Dr. Peter Dinolfo last Summer. At RPI, Dr. Dinolfo and two of his graduate students helped us connect our knowledge of AP chemistry, to the creation of our very own Dye Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSCs).

Zhou,Z.H.,Tolbert,D.B.Toso,R.Thomas,B.J.Schwartz,Y.Rubin,N.S.Knutson,D.Kilbride,B.C.Huber,A.S.Ferrreira,L.S.Devi,J.R, Challa.Solar Power EnergySLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, “New design could dramatically boost efficiency of low cost-solar panels” Science Daily, Print. July 2015. Web.  .

The photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy was used to investigate the electronic and optical properties of nanoparticles as well as to elucidate the energy levels within the band gap region corresponding to the defect sites. Fig. 9 shows room temperature PL spectra of the as-prepared pristine and Na-doped CuO samples. The samples were excited using the excitation wavelength of 390 nm. The emission spectra of pristine and CuO:Na+ nanoparticles revealed intense sharp peak at 470 nm, 503 nm and 605 nm. The

Near infrared (NIR) light has attracted much attention owing to its widespread applications in energy conversion, (-- removed HTML --) (-- removed HTML --) 1–3 (-- removed HTML --) (-- removed HTML --) sensing, (-- removed HTML --) (-- removed HTML --) 4 (-- removed HTML --) (-- removed HTML --) and bio-therapy. (-- removed HTML --) (-- removed HTML --) 5–7 (-- removed HTML --) (-- removed HTML --) In particular, to solve the energy problem all over the world, efficient utilization of natural energy is strongly required. Si solar cells (SCs) are the most widespread energy conversion devices used to harvest solar energy. However, Si SCs do not respond to NIR light of over 1200 nm in wavelength in the solar spectrum owing to their

There are many current challenges to perovskite solar cells. One of these is their long-term stability. Typical silicon solar panels are usually guaranteed to last up to 20 years. However, perovskite solar cells only last for months. Extreme temperatures, humidity, light levels, and weather changes all cause perovskite cells to decompose. In particular, moisture is a problem as perovskite reacts to water forming hydrates; the crystal structures are altered in a way so that the perovskites cannot absorb visible light anymore, and thus, rendering them useless. There has been progress; cells had once only lasted minutes but now can last a few months, but in order to achieve this team’s goal of having

"For years, scientists have been trying to come up with a way to use the same energy system that plants do but with an altered end output. Using nothing but sunlight as the energy input, plants execute massive energy conversions, turning billions of CO2 into energy for animals in the form of food, every year, using only 3% percent of the sunlight that reaches Earth" (Layton, 2012). The power that is accessible in sunlight is an under used source that has only just lately started to truly be assessed. Present photovoltaic-cell technology, which is characteristically a semiconductor-based system, is very pricey, not very adept, and only does direct alterations to electricity from sunlight. There problem is that is that there is currently no way for the energy output to be stored for later use. One way to

Three types of linear and planar-structured donor (D)–acceptor (A) type alternating copolymers were synthesized by incorporating intrachain noncovalent Coulomb interactions, based on 2,5-bisthieno[3,2-b]thiophene-1,4-bis(decyltetradecyloxy)benzene and benzothiadiazole (BT) moieties. The chain linearity and systematic adjustment of interchain organization was achieved by the incorporation of different number of electronegative fluorine atoms onto BT, which significantly affected the frontier energy levels, film morphology, and the resulting charge transport properties. Bimodal semi-crystalline orientation and charge carrier transport properties were studied by grazing incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS) and polymer filed effect transistor (PFET) characteristics measurements. The hole mobility as high as 0.1 cm2/Vs in PFET was measured for poly(2,5-bisthieno[3,2-b]thiophene-1,4-bis(decyltetradecyloxy)benzene-alt-4,7-(5,6-difluoro-2,1,3 -benzothiadiazole)) (PPDTT2FBT), suggesting a strong self-organization in the linear configuration with conformation lock with the help of fluorine atoms. The linear and difluorinated PPDTT2FT also showed the highest power conversion efficiency (PCE, 6.4%) by blending with PC71BM, but showed a poorer photovoltaic performance compared to the wavy-structured counterpart, PPDT2FBT, reported previously. The mainly edge-on orientation of PPDTT2FT and poor blend film morphology attributed to the moderate PCE in the blends. Fine modulation

In 1991, a major breakthrough has come in the field of solar photovoltaic known as dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) [1]. This kind of solar cells possess low-cost and simple functioning together with their advantageous characteristics such as lightweight, flexible, low toxicity and good performance in diverse light conditions [2]. Usually DSSC’s consists of dye-adsorbed nanostructured metal oxide film serving as a photoanode, a Pt-coated counter electrode and liquid electrolyte injected between them [3]. Light irradiate on the nanostructured metal oxide film causes photo-excitation of the dye molecules by exciting electrons which are then injected into the conduction band of the semiconductor and fast transferred to the external circuit

hotovoltaic(PV) technology is booming, with the pursuit of sustainable energy is continuously increasing in rate of over 30% per year since 1999 [1]. At present, the most commonly PV technology is crystalline silicon cells. This is powerful and stable PV technology. However, its potential of cost reduction is strongly limited, with the high cost with silicon wafer. Recently thin-film solar cells as a substitute for traditional crystalline silicon cells, it has up to 21.5 percent of the photoelectric conversion efficiency, while its production cost is only one-third of the crystalline silicon cells or even one-third [2].

This report documents the work done during Summer internship at BHEL ASSCP(Amorphous Silicon Solar Cell Plant). The report shall give an overview of the following:-

Large solar plants occupy a vast area of land and threaten wildlife because one square kilometer is needed to produce 40 megawatts of energy from solar power.4 British scientists are attempting to improve the effectiveness of photovoltaic cells by utilizing “copper indium diselenide and cadmium telluride to find an affordable and more sustainable way to make solar panels to convert light energy into electricity.”5