Essay On Emerald Ash Borer

Report includes political, economic, social and technological factors. This analysis is done in order to predict the future impacts of these factors on Arcadia Group. The main points are discussed:

Fort Wayne Parks and Recreation organization budgeted for and planned a way to help save this tree species. For the past couple years, biannual Ash tree treatments have been in place to help save the Ash trees of Fort Wayne. This past summer 647 Ash trees in Fort Wayne were treated to prevent the Ash Borer from killing them. Because this treatment is a biannual treatment, only half of the population of Ash trees was treated the summer of 2013. The other half of the population was treated the previous summer and will be treated again in the summer of 2014. (City of Fort Wayne Parks and Recreation, 2013) Davey Resource group was the lowest bidder and took on the project of treating the Ash trees. “Davey Resource Group provides a full range of natural resource and utility consulting services to the commercial, residential, municipal and governmental markets.” (Davey)

Insecticides have been used to try to control the emerald ash borer. However, there are guidelines for the use of these chemicals. There is a per acre use limit which means that all ash trees in the same area can be treated more than once in a year with the same chemical. Before treating an area one should pro-rate the acre use limit to match the size of the treatment area in order to control the concentration of the chemicals being used. Insecticides used against the borer may be soil applied, trunk injected and cover sprays. The soil applied treatment has been tested and has proved to be very inconsistent. Therefore, environmental activists concerned about the use of insecticides moved towards using a trunk injected treatment, but this has too been proven inconsistent in their trials. Cover sprays, however, seem to be providing mediocre results. While this treatment

The government of Canada has decided to implement a 30 year plan, which will cost over 2 billion dollars, it includes using insecticides and traps to eliminate Emerald Ash Borers and further infections in ash trees. Another negative effect is Emerald Ash Borer’s ability to consume white fringe tree, a close relative of ash trees, which is a sign that Emerald Ash Borers might be able to infect different types of tree in the future. Emerald Ash Borer has caused a slowdown in Canada’s forestry industry due to the death of many ash trees, which will mean slower economic growth for Canada, since we rely a lot on forestry products. Emerald Ash Borer has been increasing in population rapidly due to a lack of enough predators. As Emerald Ash Borer continue to threaten our forests, which has provided us with camping grounds, shade, and oxygen for years will be at risk. Ash trees are also an important part in preventing clogged river, streams, and water-treatment plant because of soil slides resulting from rain. Trees normally holds on to the soil to prevent clogged rivers and streams, but with Emerald Ash Borers wiping out million of ash tree and putting billions more at risk, it could disrupt the delicate balance between trees and soil. Researchers expect ash tree mortality rates will have ecological impacts on animals that rely on ash

The topography of the island is also of note. The west end of the island features a closed-canopy forest with more hardwood trees. The east end of the island is better characterized as a “boreal forest,” a term used to describe regions that are mostly covered by coniferous forests. It is good to note that the balsam fir is found on both ends of the island, but that samples used in the study from the west end of the island were, on average, older, but shorter, than those samples found on the east side of the island.

Many species vital to ensuring that today’s environment will thrive are becoming extinct. If a species is slowly dwindling, and in imminent danger of becoming nonexistent, this species is considered to be endangered. “One in four mammals, one in eight birds, one third of all amphibians and 70% of the world’s assessed plants on the… IUCN Red List are in jeopardy” (IUCN, 2016). According to the International Union for Conservation of Nature, or IUCN, upwards of 16,000 species are threatened with extinction, including both plants and animals (IUCN, 2016). Before becoming endangered, a species will show warning signs, either by starting to lose biological diversity or by losing the habitats for that species to flourish in, or in the worst case, both. The word endangered can sometimes be confused with threatened, extirpated, or extinct. Extirpated refers to the state of a species where its population has died out in a certain area or range, but other populations of said species still exist elsewhere (Olden, Julian D., 2008). When a species is considered threatened, or vulnerable, this refers to the state of the species being susceptible to endangerment and extinction (“Extinction crisis escalates”). So if a species is threatened, the first signs of endangerment come along, which are similar signs to that of a species in danger of becoming threatened, including lack of genetic diversity, or overhunting may be evident. (“Extinction crisis escalates”). When a species is labelled

Proper removal and disposal of the dead Ash Trees can help with eliminating the spread of the disease to other areas of the city and replanting a variety of trees in the affected Ash Tree areas can help with biodiversity of tree species in the city to prevent another spread from destroying many of our trees. With many different tree species, if there is another beetle or borer outbreak that affects a certain species of tree, It would not be as devastating to the entire tree population because it would only affect a select few trees throughout the

The ancient forests of the Northeast aren’t the only aspect of the bioregion that’s fate have been at perpetual risk since the early settlement of Europeans. There is no question that forests still dominate the landscape of Northeastern region accounting for “60% of the total land area, and in New England alone, the coverage is 80%”. Still the species that exist within the understory of the forests have undergone an equally dramatic transformation because of human interaction with the land and the harvest of its resources. Some species in the understory of the mixed forests of the Northeast have been driven out of the region, are under intense ecological pressure, are on the brink of extinction, or have already gone extinct in the region. Perhaps one of the most harmful and impactful effects colonization of the Northeast has had on the resources of the land is the introduction of non-native species and diseases into the region. Over time the overall makeup of the forests have changed drastically as an example, “…the American chestnut once made up as much as 25% of the trees in some areas and was economically the most important hardwood in the Eastern forests”. The introduction of chestnut blight at the turn of the century accounts for

Wherever there are birch trees, the bronze birch borer can be found. However, they are more prominent in northern states and across the Canadian border. For example, they have been found as far east as Newfoundland and Maine and as far west as British Columbia and Idaho.

Based on the current conditions of the area, we hypothesis that tree survivability will be highest in elevations above 3,000 feet and below 3,300 feet, highest in slopes between 0 - 45 degrees, and highest in aspects between 0 - 33 degrees. Tree survivability will also be highest in area with the best soil, water quality, and forest health conditions for successful tree sapling growth.

Many people think that to get rid of them we have to cut down the ash trees but that is not true. Recently in Burnsville, this summer it injected 14 ash trees at City Hall with pesticide to protect them against the emerald ash borer. Deborah McCullough, a professor of entomology and forestry at Michigan State University. Based on her research, she says: “There is no reason for a landscape ash tree to die from emerald ash borer anymore. The treatment is so effective and so much cheaper than removal and replacement that I can’t get a single elected official to weigh in on the side of removing healthy trees because we don’t have to, and that is never popular with the public.” Private ash trees that were not injected are dead, while treated ash trees on city property stand nearby in good health. Michigan and Ohio State research shows that injecting Tree-age “provides at least two years of almost 100 percent control” of larvae, McCullough said. Applying pesticides every two years costs about $250 a tree, while removal and replacement is $700 to $1,200 a tree. The company says the product is a safe, “organic” option. We should try that option instead of cutting down trees. This would help protect the area of great lakes from emerald ash

Emerald Ash Borer (EAB) most likely came to the United States through solid wood shipments from Asia, and has established its habitat in 25 states - including Georgia - and two Canadian provinces. The female lays eggs and the cream-colored larvae chew tunnels through the wood. The adults are shiny green beetles about a half inch in length and burrow through the wood. Symptoms of EAB infestation in a tree include vertical

In Area 2, the species with the highest dominance value was the Oregon White Oak (70.6%). Oregon White Oaks provide shelter, housing, and food to various animals as well. Diversity of birds is often higher in Oregon White Oaks than in an adjacent coniferous forest. Using the dominance data, it tells us that at this moment in time Oregon Oak and

Influence on ecosystems range from human causes like the bulldozing of a forest to natural causes like a fire or a flood.  In recent times, the introduction and spread of invasive species has transformed native communities rapidly and, in some cases, created irreversible damages.  In the Earth’s history, changes have often occurred in the ecosystems.  For example, glaciers and the retreat of glaciers cause wide-spread changes.  However, although change is a constant in ecosystems, animals and habitats often cannot adapt to the rapid alterations of non-natural stresses.  Harm to the environment from the introduction of invasive species occurs through changes in the habitat and declines in the native species.  Invasive species

The biodiversity effects of non-native invasive species have been described as “immense, insidious and usually irreversible” (Veitch and Clout, 2002). There is significant evidence proving that invasive species can cause severe economic, environmental and ecological damage (Mack et al., 2000). A lot of time and research has been devoted to dividing the world into regions with distinctive habitats and species. Numerous pathways, mostly anthropogenic, are breaking down these realms and facilitating the ecological and biological invasion of non-native species.