Essay On Fluoroquinolones

Medication should only be prescribed after careful consideration of the patient's best interests. The prescriber should have access to the most up to date version of the British National Formulary (BNF). Dispensing must also be appropriately trained, follow safe systems of work and understand the side effects of various drugs; be able to access appropriate information and understand when to access advice or further information (the dispenser may not necessarily be a trained pharmacist but should be working alongside one). By supporting medication

All persons who administer medications should have adequate access to patient information, as close to the point of use as possible, including medical history, known allergies, prognosis, and treatment plan, to assess the appropriateness of administering the medication. (National Coordinating Council for Medication Error Reporting and Prevention).

Clinafloxacin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic of the quinolone carboxylic acid category that inhibits both DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV dually in Streptococcus pneumonia. Clinafloxacin, a fluoroquinolone, is currently in development for oral and intravenous therapy of serious infections.

Fosamax is a biphosphonate that is commonly used for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. It would be best to take Fosamax on an empty stomach with plenty of water. Do not lie down or eat for at least 30 minutes after taking the pill. The side effects for Fosamax are abdominal pain, bone/skeletal pain, constipation, diarrhea, dyspepsia, and nausea. I would also tell M.S that osteonecrosis of the jaw may occur after dental extraction, root canal, dental implant or other oral surgeries. Lastly I would tell M.S. that oral biphosphonates are commonly associated with a serious problem called esophagitis which is inflammation of the esophagus. If chest discomfort occurs which is a symptom of esophageal irritation, she should discontinue the drug and contact her health care provider. I would assess her for poor renal function, hypocalcemia, and GERD because if she has any of these, she would not be able to take Fosamax.

Counseling patients is extremely important; it allows pharmacists with the opportunity to better understand the health status of their patients. If a patient doesn’t know what, why or how to take their medication. We are the ones who help educate them. Better informed patients equates to better overall healthcare. If they are more medically literate before seeking our help, we can better assist them. As they begin to inquire more, it pushes health care providers to be more conscientious of their tasks. Greater care and consideration is taken when our patients can also hold us accountable. Encouraging patients to reach out with concerns or comments will benefit the pharmacist patient care process. For example, if the patient was able to identify that the drug name, though similar, were blatantly incorrect and brought it to the attention of her pharmacist they could have fixed it before the patient walked out the

When initiated and implemented in the workplace, it aids healthcare professionals to function effectively to understand the needs of diverse patients and treat them efficiently. (National Institute of Health, 2015) To provide the best overall healthcare to a patient, the patient needs to understand and be familiarized with the information provided to them. According to the article, Communication in Pharmacy Practice, one way to ensure patients understand the information given to them by their healthcare professional is by keeping communication short, simple and specific. (MacLeod- Glover, 2006) It is important for the pharmacist to avoid unnecessary complexity.

It also helps with the prevention of PCP in HIV-positive patients, but should be used cautiously due to the incidence of adverse reactions. This drug is also active against many strains of gram-positive pathogens including: Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Group A beta-hemolytic streptococci, Nocardia, Enterococcus. It also has activity against many gram-negative pathogens, such as: Acinetobacter, Enterobacter, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Shigella, Xanthomonas maltophilia, and Haemophilus influenzae, including ampicillin-resistant

GERD disease, commonly referred to as GERD or acid reflux, is a condition in which the liquid content of the stomach regurgitates (backs up or refluxes) into the esophagus. The liquid can inflame and damage the lining (esophagitis) although visible signs of inflammation occur in a minority of patients. The regurgitated liquid usually contains acid and pepsin that are produced by the stomach. (Pepsin is an enzyme that begins the digestion of proteins in the stomach.) The refluxed liquid also may contain bile that has backed-up into the stomach from the duodenum. The first part of the small intestine attached to the stomach. Acid is believed to be the most injurious component of the refluxed liquid.

The person who prescribes the medication must be qualified to do so, for example a GP or nurse, they must make sure that they update themselves as required by any professional body that they might belong to. It is the prescriber’s responsibility to ensure that the person whom the medication is being prescribed for, fully understands what the medication is, why it is being prescribed, any side effects and any warnings that come with that medication. If the patient has any communication or learning difficulties, it is the prescriber’s duty to make certain that any assistance in understanding, is provided, for example an interpreter or large print.

We will be looking at the roles of three people involved in the medication cycle starting with the doctor, then moving onto the Pharmacist and then onto the Enrolled nurse. The doctor’s role is to look at all the symptoms, medically diagnose the patient and to analysis their medication needs (Berman, Kozier & Erb, 2015). The doctor then writes the order or script of medications for the patient, which needs to be taken to the pharmacy where the Pharmacist will make up the prescription and dispense the medication the pharmacist may also give information about drug interactions and side effects just to name a few. The Pharmacist

Pharmacists usually see people regularly, and may see them more fre¬quently than their physician. This rap¬port allows pharmacists to ask question about self-care and home life. A phar¬macist often has time to ask about side effects in a casual setting when an indi¬vidual picks up their medication. With access to an individual’s full medication list, the pharmacist checks for drug in-teractions when a medication is added. The availability of a pharmacist allows people to check-in with their concerns, and as member of the health care com¬munity, a pharmacist can direct people to other needed community resources. Preventing polypharmacy is better than treating it because stopping a medica¬tion can be difficult. Pharmacists have a key role in this prevention. Patients and caregivers can play an active role by discussing a patient’s medication profile with their physician periodically. This allows that doctor and patient verify all the medications are still

Commonly known as heartburn or reflux, is a condition where reflux of the gastric content into the oesophagus leads to symptoms which significantly impact a person's quality of life. Gastroesophageal reflux disease gerd is the most prevalent acid related disorder and is associated with significant impairment of health-related quality of life. Gastroesophageal reflux disease gerd occurs when acid and food in the stomach back up into the esophagus.Gerd often occurs when the lower muscle (sphincter) of the esophagus does not close properly. The sphincter normally opens to let food into the stomach. It then closes to keep food and stomach acid in the stomach. If the sphincter does not close properly, stomach acid and food back up (reflux) into the esophagus. The following may increase your risk for gerd. Gerd may be associated with several extra esophageal syndromes such as chronic cough, asthma, laryngitis, oropharyngeal ulceration and dental erosions. Available evidence indicates that therapy response rates in gerd are related to the degree of acid suppression achieved. Having an appropriate discussion with a physician is key to understanding the condition, available treatment options and the degree to which acid suppression can be achieved.

This background should include knowledge of assessments that need to be completed before and after administration for certain drugs. For example, nurses must know that blood pressure needs to be checked before administration of an antihypertensive, pulse and potassium levels must be checked before administration of Digoxin, and bowel movements need to be observed before administration of a stool softener. If nurses do not know these crucial assessments, a medication error can occur that can lead to many severe consequences that affect the safety of the patient. In addition to this, the nurses should also have background knowledge of adverse reactions of drugs, what these reactions entail, and how to fix these reactions if need be. An adverse drug event is what comes of an adverse reaction from a medication error and can be defined as, “harm experienced by a patient as a result of exposure to a medication” (CITE 6). According to Institute of Medicine of the National Academies (2004), “770,000 people annually are estimated to suffer injury or death in hospitals as a result of adverse drug events. One study of preventable adverse drug events in hospitals found that 34% of such events occurred in connection with administering the drug (a nursing role), as opposed to ordering, transcribing, or dispensing of the drug” (CITE5). This

Fluorouracil is a pyrimidine analog and is used in cancer treatment. It is a suicide inhibitor and works through irreversible inhibition of thymidylate synthase. It belongs to the family of drugs which is called the antimetabolites

The pharmacy is essential to the treatment of disease, since the pharmacy is the site where both intravenous and pill medications such as chemotherapy and antibiotics are made and dispensed according to what patient needs. At the hospital, the pharmacy takes care of both inpatients and outpatients for both prescriptions and over the counter medications. Those who work at the pharmacy also educated patients and healthcare workers about the side effects of medications, which medications can be mixed and, especially for stronger medications, the known risks of taking them. These educational measures are performed to prevent overdose, the inappropriate use of medications, such as antibiotics, and to give the patients as to what is normal and to be expected from taking a medication and what symptoms should raise a cause of concern. One way this duty is performed is by rounds. A round is where the pharmacist along with other doctors such as a dietitian, social worker, physical therapist, speech therapist, the attending nurse, and the primary physician, as well as any other specialist whose expertise may be in need, get together to discuss a group of patients and what is being done about their care and how it can be improved. Anyone