Essay On Gastric Cancer

Stomach cancer, also known as gastric cancer, is a type of cancer that develops slowly over many years. Most frequently, stomach cancer starts in the lining of the stomach otherwise knows as the mucosa, and then develops into the other layers of the stomach. There are many ways in which stomach cancer spreads. In some cases it invades near by organs or it can also travel through the bloodstream to for cancer in other organs. There are many statistics and organizations of support for stomach cancer, as well as, symptoms, risk factors, screening and diagnosis’ and, treatments. Like all cancers, stomach cancer is a deathly disease and one of the major leading causes of cancer deaths in countries other than the U.S.

Esophageal cancer, or oesophageal cancer, is a lethal variation of cancer globally ranking sixth as the leading cause of cancer-associated deaths and eighth as the most common type of cancer (Pennathur et al. 2013). In contrast to other parts of the world, the United States has experienced a decrease in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma incidence rates and a distinct increase in esophageal adenocarcinoma, which corresponds to increased obesity and gastroesophageal reflux rates over the years (Simard et al. 2012). Along with increasing incidence rates, esophageal cancer is associated with a 15-25% survival rate of five years regardless of treatment, poor prognosis due to diagnosis during the cancer’s later stages, and predisposition to metastases regardless of tumor type (Pennathur et al. 2013, Chen et al. 2013). In addition, patients who have been treated are at risk for high incidences of recurrence and approximately 90% of patients are faced with mortality from esophageal cancer (Lou et al. 2013), all of which contributes to the poor prognosis associated with the disease. With increasing incidence rates and poor prognosis, esophageal cancer poses challenges to healthcare providers in finding effective and standardized guidelines with respect to screening, treatment, and surveillance.

First, having gastro-esophageal reflux disease, this involves the stomach acids traveling back into the lower part of the esophagus and slowly deteriorating the muscle lining of the lower third of the esophagus. Therefore, gastro-esophageal reflux disease mostly causes the adenocarcinoma. Other causes may be smoking tobacco, drinking excessive alcohol, obesity, lack of fruit and vegetables in your diet. In order to lower your chances of getting esophageal cancer, you can eat more green and yellow vegetables, and perhaps a little coffee. The main thing is to live a healthy lifestyle.

First, the risk of uncomplicated peptic ulcer linked to acute or chronic use of NSAIDS and/or aspirin. Secondly, the efficacy of anti-secretory treatment with the use of PPI or H2blockers on these drug induced ulcers (Pilotto, et al., 2004) The brief literature review provided context and support for the study, along with gaps from previous studies, such as the efficacy of concomitantly use of anti-ulcers and aspirin to prevent GI injuries in a short term period (Pilotto, et al., 2004). I could not find any procedures used to protect the participants during the

Peptic ulcers occur from a break or ulceration in the protective mucosal lining in the lower esophagus, stomach, or duodenum (McCance & Huether, 2014). Long-term use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as aspirin, can suppress mucosal prostaglandin synthesis. This can lead to decreased bicarbonate secretion and mucin production and increased secretion of hydrochloric acid (McCance & Huether, 2014). Any disturbance to the mucosa allows submucosal areas to be subjected to gastric secretions and autodigestion leading to peptic ulcers (McCance & Huether,

Gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a medical condition where abnormal distal esophageal acid exposure caused by reflux of acid contents results in troublesome symptoms1, 2. It is caused by the failure of endogenous anti-reflux barriers such as the lower esophageal sphincter1. Small amounts of reflux occur naturally throughout the day in everyone but normal anatomy and physiology of the esophagus, lower esophageal sphincter, diaphragm muscles at the hiatus and stomach prevent pathological GERD3. The worldwide prevalence of GERD is estimated to be 13-19%, with 35% suffering symptoms at least monthly, 12% at least weekly and 5% daily4 though different sources have

Gastroesophageal reflux disease, or GERD, is a common, chronic digestive disease in which stomach acid or contents flow back into the esophagus. This causes the patient to feel discomfort and damages the esophageal lining. A patient is diagnosed with GERD when symptoms of the condition occur twice a week or interfere with his daily life. The doctor may also diagnose a patient with the condition if he observes damage in the esophagus. Statistics show that about 5% to 7% of the world population have symptoms of GERD, and 60% of the adult population experience symptoms of the condition within a 12 month period. Also, about 50% of the patients with the disease report more heartburn at night. GERD can be further defined according to its cause, risk factors, and effects.

These are diseases affecting the gastrointestinal tract; the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine and the rectum, including their accessories. These disorders include the gastroesophageal reflux (GERD), peptic ulcers and gastritis. GERD is the most common disease of the esophagus and occurs if the esophagus is exposed to acid, bile and pancreatic enzymes. Peptic ulcers is common in the duodenum while gastritis occurs in the stomach. These disease present similar symptoms and are therefore difficult to differentiate. This discussion will focus on the stimulation and production of gastric acid, gastrointestinal disorders, their diagnosis and treatment.

Gastroesophageal reflux disease is a very common disease. Most commonly individuals’ experience some sort of gastroesophageal reflux, even with the efficient barrier existing between the stomach and the esophagus. Studies have shown GERD-related symptoms in a significant proportion of adults, neonates and individuals with obesity. The high occurrence of GERD is due to the close proximity of acid and pepsin secretions occurring at the esophageal junction. The mucosa of the stomach is columnar and can withstand low pH and high proteolytic activity of gastric acid and pepsin. While the mucosa of the esophagus is readily damaged and consumed by gastric acid and pepsin. The esophagus is cleared by peristalsis and salivary production with a valve

Helicobacter pylori: according to WHO’s International Agency for Research on Cancer, the most prevalence cause of gastritis is H. pylori which classified as a definite carcinogen [48], as intestinal type stomach carcinoma is considered to progress as

Gastritis is a gastrointestinal disorder in which the lining of the stomach is irritated and inflamed. As a result, the stomach lining’s function of producing acid and enzymes that aid in the breakdown of food for absorption of essential nutrients is impaired, as well as its role in protecting the stomach from acid damage due to reduced mucus secretions. This mucosal inflammation can be attributed to a variety of causes such as: infection, excessive alcohol intake, certain drugs, bile reflux, severe stress, chronic vomiting, autoimmune diseases, and radiation therapy. The two most common causes are bacterial infections, usually associated with H. pylori, and prolonged NSAID use. If this inflammation is damaging enough, it can lead to a reduction

How do we know for sure our patients are experiencing lack of stomach acid production? Statistically you can assume most if not all patients over the age of 50 are deficient either mildly or severely. Patients over age 65 most certainly aren’t producing enough acid. If they have symptoms of GERD and are over the age of 50 the likelihood is very high that they don’t have enough stomach acid. You can test for stomach contents acidity in a lab using a nasogastric tube, however most patients would not want to submit to this (unless they were being paid for a special study perhaps).

Fact: Some of the new OTC medications can actually prevent heartburn as well as provide complete symptom relief. H2 blockers reduce acid secretion for about 12 hours and proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) effectively inhibit acid production and treat your symptoms of heartburn within 24 hours with a dose of one pill per day.

Esophageal cancer is one of the most common cancerous growths. Cancer in the esophagus is found to be three times more common in men than in women and also the risk of cancer increases with age group [6]. Esophageal cancer is not very common in United States, but it is common in Asian and African countries [7]. The common risk factors that may increase the chances of esophageal cancer are tobacco and alcohol use, and

Most of the patients with GERD fall into 1 of 2 categories: erosive esophagitis or nonerosive reflux disease (NERD). The 2 main phenotypes of GERD appear to have different pathophysiological and clinical characteristics. Furthermore, NERD and erosive esophagitis clearly diverge when it comes to response to antireflux treatment. NERD patients have a significantly lower response rate to proton pump inhibitor (PPI) therapy, and consequently they constitute the majority of the refractory heartburn group (Hershcovici and Fass, 2010).