Correlation Analysis Of The Content Of Boron In Children With Goiter

Laboratory Report/ Miranda Tefft/ Homeostatic Imbalances of Thyroid Function/ Aline Potvin/ 11.18.2014/ Page [2] of [3]

Laboratory Report/ Brent Good/ Homeostatic Imbalances of Thyroid Function/ Thomas Redenbaugh/ 12.09.2014/ Page [3] of

Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis is considered an autoimmune disorder of the thyroid, first discovered in 1912, by a Japanese doctor, Hakaru Hashimoto. Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis disease is currently considered a genetically predisposed disorder caused by both environmental and endogenous conditions. Genetically predisposed Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis, occurs more often in Caucasians over other ethnicities. Environmental factors that produce the autoimmune disorder are infections, disproportionate iodine intake, drugs, as well as chemical and radiation exposure, according to Syrenicz, Anhelli (2013) This paper will discuss the importance of Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis disease, symptoms, Metabolic and Physiological effects, treatment options, and side effects associated with treatments.

TSH not only stimulates the thyroid gland to churn out more hormones. If in excess, can cause overwhelming cell growth and division to result in goiter.

Iodine's most effective responsibility is within the formation of two thyroid hormones. Such a is thyroxin; which is required with the aid of the hair follicles and sebaceous glands for correct functioning. Thyroxin helps nourish these hair buildings. Iodine deficiencies can show up as premature grey hair, dull hair, and loss hair.

Thyrotoxicosis is a clinical condition caused by excess circulating serum thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), or both with suppression of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). A negative feedback loop involving the hypothalamus, pituitary, and thyroid gland regulates the production and release of thyroid hormones. (Fig. 1) The hypothalamus releases thyroid-releasing hormone (TRH), stimulating the pituitary gland to release TSH, in turn stimulating the thyroid gland to release T4 and T3. Enhanced production of T4 and T3

These patients then answered a survey that evaluated their fatigue. They all had blood drawn to get baselines of their thyroid stimulating hormone, free triiodothyronine, free levothyroxine levels, thiamine, and thiamine pyrophosphate levels. The patients were then given dosages of thiamine based on their weight, two receive oral thiamine and one received an intramuscular injection every four to seven days. The three patient had repeat surveys throughout the process to evaluate any changes in fatigue severity. After twenty days repeat blood work was drawn and the last survey was given. This group of people doing the research concluded that the thiamine given for fatigue associated with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis rectified it completely in two out of the three and decreased the amount of fatigue in one of the three. Their hypothesis, that the chronic fatigue and related disorders accompanying Hashimoto’s thyroiditis were manifestations of a mild thiamine deficiency that could be due to either a dysfunction of the active transport from the blood to the mitochondria or structural enzymatic abnormalities likely caused by immune system factors (article

The uterus of the rat that received injections of estrogen was found to weigh more than that of the rat that received injections of saline.

At this time, it is not clear how much diagnostic radiation is contributing to the increase in thyroid cancer cases. It is possible that the increase in the diagnosis of thyroid cancer can be attributed to a greater rate of detection by use of ultrasonography and fine needle aspiration3. The thyroid tissue itself is among the tissues that are less sensitive to radiation, however, thyroid cancer is still such a concern because the thyroid is so superficial in the body1 (77). “Even doses as small as 50–100 mGy have been associated with an increased risk of thyroid malignancy in children, with a

PCB also affects the thyroid enzymes. In this study, the global null hypothesis was there is no relationship between PCB and Thyroid hormones and Retinol in female and male bears. The alternative hypothesis was that there is a relationship present between PCB and Thyroid hormones and Retinol in female and male bears. The treatment group in the study was that the expecting polar bear mothers fasted for at least three months and the control group in the study was the mothers who were not pregnant and the males. Because intercourse, reproduction, and sustenance of the polar bears affect the level of thyroid hormone and retinol, there are likelihoods of the effects of PCBs and other OCs on thyroid hormones and retinol status may vary. The bears were all from the Svalbard population. In order to prevent confounding results occurring from seasonal variation, the study took place in spring between the months of March and April. The animals were live-captured and tranquilized by injection and the health of the polar bears was assessed and their age was determine using a vestigial premolar

Iodine consumption immediately increases the detoxification of bromide, fluoride, and some heavy metals including mercury, lead, cadmium, and aluminum. Bromide and fluoride are only removed by iodine, and no other chelator or detoxifying technique. Many people know that toxic halides, such as fluoride and bromide, have an effect on the receptors in the body similar to iodine, and can inhibit iodine absorption and binding in the body. Even though iodine is part of the halides family, which are all opposing elements to iodine, they will obstruct the absorption of iodine. We are all exposed to bromine and fluorine, your bodies are storing these toxic chemicals in the receptors meant for iodine. The human body’s receptors are primitive and lacking

Iodine is an essential trace element utilized in the synthesis of thyroid hormones and its deficiency may result in inadequate thyroid hormone production. Iodine deficiency disorders (IDDs) include mental impairment, goitre, complications in pregnancy including stillbirth and congenital anomalies (1). Inadequate iodine intake during pregnancy may also cause irreversible fetal brain damage (2).

There can be several internal abnormalities with the thyroid gland and other systems of the body such as the immune system that can show signs of this condition. A few of those internal irregularities are to the actual gland’s size, surface,

The mechanism by which lithium inhibits thyroid hormone release is not well understood. In vitro, lithium decreases colloid droplet formation within thyroid follicular cells, a reflection of decreased pinocytosis of colloid from the follicular lumen. The efficiency of proteolytic digestion of thyroglobulin within phagolysosomes also may be impaired. Lithium increases intrathyroidal iodine content, and inhibits the coupling of iodotyrosine residues to form iodothyronines (T3 and T4) and inhibits release of T4 and T3. Lithium can cause goiter and hypothyroidism, and its use has been associated with both thyroid autoimmunity and hyperthyroidism. Patients should be monitored for thyroid functioning due to the high prevalence of thyroid dysfunction

The thyroid gland is butterfly-shaped organ located in the front of the neck just above the trachea connected by an isthmus [1]. the major function of thyroid gland is the Production of the T3, T4 and calcitonin hormones. Dysfunction of thyroid gland causes the shortcoming in the production of thyroid hormones. Thyroid disorders related to dyshormonogenesis e.g. (Goiter, Thyroiditis, hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, Graves ' disease, thyroid cancer, thyroid nodule, thyroid storm)[2]. For the diagnoses of thyroid disease we use chemical and radiological investigation [3], for a chemical we use the laboratory test for measuring the concentration of thyroid hormones in the circulation include total T3 and T4 hormone [4], and for the radiological exam, we use various modalities (ultrasound, CT, MRI and Nuclear Medicines). Ultrasound is the leading imaging technique for diagnosis of thyroid diseases [5][6], Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging also have a high important role for assessment the thyroid malignancy [7]. Nuclear medicine is the imaging of utilization of radioactive compounds in medicine to image and treat various human diseases. It depends on the ‘tracer principle’ that studies of the fate of compounds in vivo using small amounts of radioactive materials [8]. Nuclear medicine used to diagnose major tissues and organs of the body by using the radiopharmaceuticals.The patient is administered a radiopharmaceutical that distributes according to a