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Essay On Granulomatous Disease

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A) CYBA, CYBB, NCF1, NCF2, or NCF4 gene mutations can cause chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) (15). The most common form of CGD shows X-linked inheritance pattern and only affects males. There are also autosomal recessive forms of CGD that affect both sexes (16). The proteins produced from the affected genes form part of NADPH oxidase. NADPH oxidase is involved in the production of superoxide within phagocytes. NADPH oxidase is also thought to regulate the activity neutrophils (15). CGD patients are unable to produce reactive oxygen species and suffer from life-threatening bacterial and fungal infections due to genetic defects in NADPH oxidase components (16). Neutrophils are one of the key killing components of S.aureus. S.aureus …show more content…

This would be established this in two ways. The first would be to measure the time to apoptosis of neutrophils. Neutrophil lifespan would be measured in a control, with exposure to Imperio toxin, with exposure to Imperio toxin with a blocked Crucio receptor, and with a blocked Crucio receptor but no toxin exposure. Expected results would be the neutrophils exposed to the toxin and that had an intact Crucio receptor had the shortest lifespan. Additionally, A.kadavra appears to have similar pathogenicity to anthrax toxin. Anthrax toxin will paralyze neutrophils (17). Neutrophils are also known to “chase” S.aurues (22). Control neutrophils and neutrophils exposed to Imperio toxin will be collected before apoptosis. Motility of each of the neutrophils will be observed under microscopy. Control or “healthy” neutrophils will be expected to “chase” S.aurues. Neutrophils that have been exposed to Imperio will be expected to show no motility comparable when Anthrax toxin binds to neutrophils. To establish that Imperio (toxin) promotes the survival of A.kadavra (pathogen) and kills the host, there will need to be an in vivo model established. A wild type mouse with a working Crucio receptor and no pathogen exposure will be compared against a wild type mouse with a working Crucio receptor that has been exposed to the toxin and a mouse with a Crucio knockout and toxin exposure. Data points will be collected as follows: the

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