Essay On Hypo Respiratory Syndrome

Symptoms for obesity for day to day life can cause health problems such as shortness of breath, increasing sweating, back and joint pains, and snoring (Health Direct, 2018)

Chronic Bronchitis has serious affects on the body especially if Chronic Bronchitis goes untreated early on. The disorder results in an ongoing decline of the lungs functioning properly. Patients are at a higher risk of cardiac disease and pulmonary disease related deaths (American Lung Association, 2015). Fortunately there are treatment options for patients. If the patient is a smoker the first step for treatment would be smoking cessation. Smoking cessation means to quit smoking. There are many positive results from this treatment. This can help reduce coughing, lower the level of mucus production which will decrease injury to the bronchiole tubes. Other

Components, for example, decreased action levels and expanded ravenousness, especially for refined sugars, might possibly add to weight pick up in OSA patients. Whether OSA inclines to particular collection of instinctive fat stays to be resolved. CPAP treatment of OSA diminishes the measure of instinctive fat (as measured by stomach CT examining), even in patients without huge weight reduction. At long last, there are information demonstrating significant cover in hereditary substrates in the middle of OSA and weight. Patel et al reported a critical connection in the middle of's AHI and human adiposity measures (going from 0.57 to 0.61), proposing that heftiness could clarify about 40% of the hereditary change in rest apnea. In another study, Popko et al demonstrated that polymorphisms (Arg/Arg and Gln/Arg when contrasted and Gln/Gln) of the leptin receptor, which is included in vitality homeostasis and body weight regulation, are essentially related with both OSA and stoutness when contrasted and sound controls. These studies propose that hereditary polymorphisms may impact both rest apnea and corpulence, and may be essentially interrelated in the improvement of these

Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome is characterized by obesity, hypercapnia, and respiratory issues while asleep that occurs in the absence of any other pathology that could cause respiratory failure (Castillejo et al., 2015, p. 63). It is usually defined as an awake PaCO2 of greater than 45mmHg and a body mass index of greater than 30kg (Piper, 2015, p. 9). This is a life threatening disorder that can lead to death if not treated properly and aggressively. Treatments include CPAP (continuous positive airway pressure), NIV (non-invasive ventilation), and lifestyle changes such as weight loss and exercise. Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome is becoming more prevalent in our society due to the increased occurrence of morbid obesity. Obesity is recognized

Obesity has many different effect on several body systems. The most affected body system is the cardiovascular system. High blood pressure or hypertension is a cardiovascular disease that many obese patients suffer. Blood pressure is the measurement of the force of blood against arterial walls as the heart pumps. The World Health Organization has recently reported “One in three adults worldwide, according to the report, has raised blood pressure – a condition that causes around half of all deaths from stroke and heart disease.” ("New data highlight increases in hypertension, diabetes incidence", 2012) Additionally, Dr. Aram Chobanian, a professor at Boston University has noted “About 40 percent of those who are obese have high blood pressure” (Chobanian, 2008) Hypertension can increase the risk of heart disease which is the leading cause of death in the United States.

Obstructions in the airway can cause the patient to experience hard time breathing. Then, patient will experience

Disease that makes it hard to exhale all the air in the lungs, and when the airways becomes narrow that cause the air to come out slower is considered Obstructive airway disease. In addition patient with obstructive airway disease find it difficult to breathe while increased activity or exertion. Chronic Obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), Asthma, and Cystic Fibrosis are some of the obstructive airway disease. In details, COPD is a group of conditions characterized by obstruction to airflow in the lungs. Bronchitis, Bronchiectasis, and emphysema are condition of COPD. Smoking is the common cause of COPD. “persons with COPD are unable to maintain normal blood gases by increasing their breathing effort. Hypoxemia, hypercapnia, and cyanosis develop, reflecting an imbalance between ventilation and perfusion”(Porth, 2011, p. 582).

Treatment to remove the excess fluid is indicated in case of dyspnea, chest pressure, or low oxygen level²

Mr. Boza has been counseled on the need for non-invasive positive pressure ventilation for his obesity hypoventilation, however continues to defer at this time as he feels he is unable to sleep with the device, once again, thus making treatment of his sleep disordered breathing nearly impossible. I have counseled Mr. Boza to decrease his fluid intake to less than 2L per day. He should continue his current diuretic regimen. He does have prior pulmonary function tests that showed reversible airflow obstruction and therefore he should continue his ProAir on an as needed basis. It does seem that he was recently evaluated by Daniel Davies, DO and was given a prescription of prednisone, which he is finishing up the taper at this

Lower adiponectin levels were also found in HT patients as compared to healthy controls in the current study. Hypoadiponectinemia has been demonstrated as an independent risk factor for HT (Baden et al., 2013). Experimentally, Summer et al. (2011) showed that lower adiponectin levels were directly linked to the development of pulmonary arterial HT in mice. Also, overexpression of adiponectin has been shown to protect these mice from developing pulmonary arterial HT in response to hypoxia and inflammation. In addition, Baden et al. (2013) and Jung et al. (2014) revealed a trend toward lower BP with

In adults, there are ventilation strategies such as the pressure control ventilation (PCV) and airway pressure release ventilation (APVR) that are commonly used. The PCV is designed to prevent ventilator-associated lung injuries. Kacmarek et al. mention that “although there is not enough data showing that this machine improves the outcomes in ARDS, they have been successful in improving patient comfort (2014, p.615)”. Breathing support or oxygen therapies are all designed to help increase the oxygen flow throughout the body. These machines and types of therapy are needed since the cardio-respiratory system is failing to achieve its primary function, which is to deliver oxygen to the lungs and in turn the rest of the

Obesity is a condition where the body amasses an excessive amount of adipose tissue (DeAngelo, Kalumuck, & Adlin, 2014). The World Health Organization defines overweight and obesity as “abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that may impair health”. It is an avoidable disease that has increased almost twofold since 1980 (Obesity and Overweight, 2014). Obesity affects myriad body systems or parts of anatomy, including the abdomen, blood vessels, circulatory system, endocrine system, gastrointestinal system, heart, intestines, joints, psychic-emotional system, respiratory system, and stomach (DeAngelo, Kalumuck, & Adlin). Many diseases arise due to obesity complications, such as

A good diet is very important, dietary issues become critical in COPD cases, especially when breathing is difficult. Supplementary oxygen is another essential component therapy that can be used to improve exercise endurance, quality of life, and mental outlook, improve sleep, reduce breathlessness and pulmonary hypertension. There are many different options of medications, they range from Bronchodilators, steroids, inhalers, and even antibiotics. Patients that experience exacerbations should know how to manage it. Exacerbation may be caused by respiratory infection, air pollution or other triggers of inflammation. When it occurs, additional medications may be necessary, like supplemental oxygen treatment. Surgery is the last option for patients who feel the medications are not helping. These surgeries include, a lung volume reduction surgery. In this surgery the surgeon will remove a small section of damaged lung tissue from the upper lungs, creating extra space in the chest cavity for remaining healthier tissue can expand and work more efficiently. A lung transplant may be an option for patients who meet specific

The best methods of obesity treatment are dieting and physical exercise. Obese people should adjust their diet to reduce fat and sugar consumption, and increase dietary fiber. Anti-obesity drugs can also be effective in conjunction with a healthy diet, reducing one’s appetite and/or fat absorption. Some obese people require stomach or bowel reduction surgery in order to lose weight. The smaller stomach allows them to consume less food and still feel full. Obesity is a leading worldwide cause of preventable death, and authorities view it as one of the most serious health problems of this century. While in some cultures, obesity is a sign of prosperity and childbearing, in the Western world, it is frequently viewed negatively.

Surgery on bariatric patients is being performed more frequently as the obesity rates continue to rise, presenting potential difficulty for airway management during the perioperative and postoperative period (Bakhamees, El-Halafawy, El-Kerdawy, Gouda & Altemyatt, 2007). As reported by Altiparmak & Celebi (2016), approximately one third of the American adult population is obese; resulting in greater oxygen consumption and airway resistance but decreased function of respiratory muscles and functional residual capacity requiring more effort to maintain ventilation. Formulation of a safe and effective anesthetic plan for the obese patient population can be challenging; requiring anesthesia providers to explore new evidence, aimed at