Essay On Iv

Many people may say one is a retard without knowing the truth behind the actual word. Intellectual Disability, also known as Mental Retardation, is a very serious psychological disorder that few are faced with for life. Intellectual Disability is characterized by a below-average level of intelligence (a mental ability) that lacks skills necessary for daily living. An IQ is the standard way to measure the level of intelligence one may have. Roughly 95% of humans have the IQ between 70 and 130. (Meyers and DeWall, 2014). The other five percent are either absolute genius or intellectually disabled. Being intellectually disabled can be caused in many ways

The primary features of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder include inattention and hyperactive-impulsive behavior. ADHD symptoms start before age 12, and in some children, they're noticeable as early as 3 years of age. ADHD symptoms can be mild, moderate or severe, and they may continue into adulthood.

A psychiatric disability, according to the Americans with Disabilities

“Assess own leadership behaviours and potential in the context of a particular leadership model and own organisation’s working practices and culture using feedback from others”

Intellectual disability, once referred to as mental retardation, is a disability that refers to a person’s limitation in intelligence (Foreman and Arthur-Kelly,2014). The most common causes of intellectual disabilities are genetic

While the DSM-IV (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition (DSM-IV) of the American Psychiatric Association) put forth a list of

The first step in any research is to accurately define the population of interest. Intellectual Disability (ID) has been called by many different terms: mental retardation, learning disability, mental handicap, and developmentally delayed. Generally, these terms are accepted as interchangeable (Schalock, Luckasson & Shogren, 2007). However, over time some of the characteristics required to receive a diagnosis of ID has changed. In the recent past, the Diagnostic Statistical Manual of Metal Disorders Text Revised (DSM IV TR) identified three criteria necessary to be diagnosed with ID. This included: impairments of intellectual functioning (IQ<70) are not necessarily excluded from the diagnosis. By deemphasized the importance of low IQ the as a defining feature of ID the diagnosis expanded its definition to include individual assessed with borderline intelligence and above (fact sheet reference).

For these problems to be diagnosed as ADHD, they must be out of the normal range for a person's age and development” (Merrill, 2013). ADHD is one the most popular disorders diagnosed in children and can continue into adulthood. (Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, 2012) The DSM-5 (2013) states that the prevalence for ADHD in children is about 5%. Within this 5%, twice as many males as females are likely to have ADHD. The females that do have ADHD show more dominant inattentive features rather than males (5th ed; DSM–5; American Psychiatric Association,

These treatment guidelines are helpful for clinicians to determine which treatments parents are likely to initiate for their children (Robert, 2013). The primary care physician should initiate an evaluation for ADHD for any child 4 through 18 years of age, who presents with academic or behavioral problems and symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, or impulsivity. To make a diagnosis of ADHD, the primary care clinician should establish that the DSM-5 criteria have been met; information should be obtained from reports from parents, teachers, and other school or mental health clinicians involved in the caretaking of the child (Robert, 2013). During the evaluation for ADHD, the primary care doctor should include assessment for other co-existing conditions, including emotional, developmental, behavioral, and physical problems. The primary care physician should inform the parents or guardian that ADHD is a chronic condition because it does not typically go away. If a child is diagnosed with ADHD, they will more than likely experience it in adulthood as well. However, it is possible for children to “out-grow” some of the behaviors. As children mature, symptoms usually become less prominent. By late childhood and early adolescence, signs of excessive activity are less common, and hyperactivity symptoms may be confined to jitteriness or an inner feeling of restlessness (John M.

Not being able to keep still, talking out of turn, and not being able to resist temptation are many traits of a child under the age of twelve; also, the symptoms of a child diagnosed with ADHD. Though there isn’t a test to determine whether or not a child has ADHD many psychiatrists are quick to incline that the child may have this behavioral disorder even though they could just be acting like children. Not only are psychiatrists too quick to diagnose they’re also quick to prescribe medications that have high risks of causing behavioral changes and disruption of the chemical balance within the brain. Children under the age of twelve should never be diagnosed and/or prescribed medication for attention deficit hyperactivity

Six or more of the following symptoms of inattention have persisted for at least 6 months to a degree that is maladaptive and inconsistent with developmental level:

“ Disorder that involves symptoms of extreme inattentiveness, problems with impulse control, and high levels of activity; although some children present only symptoms of attention deficit and others experience only hyperactivity, usually both are evidence.” ( Dunn, 2013, pg. 244)

According to the American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (2017), an intellectual disability is classified as a deficit in “intellectual functioning” and “adaptive behaviors.” For a disability to be qualified as an intellectual disability it must have originated before the age of 18. Some diagnoses that fit under intellectual disability include autism, Down Syndrome, Fragile X Syndrome, and Fetal Alcohol Syndrome. “Developmental disability” is the umbrella term, encompassing many other disabilities, including those that fall under the category of intellectual disability. Developmental disabilities typically impact an individual in a physical way, such as cerebral palsy or epilepsy.

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a “developmental disability that cause significant social, communication and behavioral challenges” (Autism, 2015a). The word “spectrum” refers to “a wide range of symptoms, skills and levels of impairment or disability that children with ASD can have” (Autism, 2015b). ASD is “not a single disorder, but a spectrum of closely related disorders with shared core of symptoms”. These disorders include: Autism, Asperger’s Syndrome, Pervasive Developmental Disorder, Childhood Disintegrative Disorder and Rett Syndrome (Smith, 2015). One in sixty-eight children in the United States are affected by this disorder (Autism, 2015c). ASD is a little different from the many other mental disorders. It does not affect all children exactly the

The most common symptom of A.D.H.D. is inattention which can be defined simply as difficulty remaining on a task until it is completed (4a). The inattention is primarily seen in school work, work or even playtime activities which usually lead to careless mistakes. A lack of listening, inability to follow simple directions, lack of effort or organization in basic daily tasks, forgetfulness and distractibility are all positive signs for inattention (DSM-IV). The next required symptoms are impulsiveness, which is characterized by sudden outbursts, mostly while others are talking, and hyperactivity, which is the most difficult to diagnose in adults (4a). To meet the DSM-IV criteria, the subject will fidget or squirm being unable to sit still for a length of time. There is also a need to stand when sitting is required and also a difficulty to remain quiet or calm when the situation demands it. There is usually a lack of any leisure activities in the life of one diagnosed with A.D.H.D due to a constant need to be ?on the go? (DSM-IV). All three symptoms must be present before the age of seven and must be present in two or more settings (school, work, or home) (DSM-IV). There also must be clear evidence that the symptoms cause problems in the social, school or work setting. The symptoms also cannot be the result of pervasive development disorder, schizophrenia or any other mental disorders (DSM-IV).