Essay On Lipid Based Carry System

A biomolecule can dissolve in water if it can form significant non-covalent interactions with the solvent molecules.

Which brand of painkilling medicine dissolves the fastest and does flavor, coating, and color of the pill affect the dissolution time? If several different pain neutralizing pills are placed in stomach acid and timed in order to find out which pill dissolves first, then the most effective pill will be the first to dissolve. In order to test this, eight different types of pain neutralizing medicine were put into simulated stomach acid and timed. Normal strength, liquid gel capsules, and children's flavored pills were all tested. In order to accurately simulate stomach acid, vinegar, which has the same pH levels of stomach acid, was heated to thirty seven degrees Celsius and stirred constantly and evenly. The pills tested were Advil, Children's

In the experiment, I predict that the acetaminophen liquid soft gel capsules will take the longest to dissolve in the simulation gastric acid. The capsules will be the second most effective based on its reaction to the simulation gastric acid. Lastly the liquid form will completely dissolve, therefore being the least effective.

What if the density of the pill affects the dissolving time in the hydrochloric acid? During this experiment, this question will be answered. The denser the pill, then the longer dissolving rate when time is a function of the dissolving rate. Tablets, coated tablets, gel capsules, and hard capsules will be tested, and all of these each have a different densities.

The purpose of this investigation is to find out if the coating on pills makes it harder to dissolve.

Many molecules, particularly peptides and polypeptides are physically embedded in polymers to create a complex network of interconnecting pores through which the drug could subsequently diffuse. The pore structure and polymer composition is controlled in order to design systems that release the drug at nearly any rate and for nearly

7. What is the reason for manufacturing a drug as an enteric-coated tablet? (2 points)

The Viscosity is optimum for 1.5% carbopol concentration since it has good flow and consistency unlike the 1% and the 2%, these both have either less or more viscosity compared to the optimum 1.5% carbopol. Viscosity of the optimized gel was found to have a range of 754-1350cp. Among which 1.5% concentration of carbopol gave good results of 1290±7cp. Determination of viscosity of gel matrix, is important as it assists in evaluating the penetration across the skin by controlling the release of the drug into the receptor medium. The same trend was observed by Lin et al., (2014) on the viscosity of apigenin ethosomes formulation [25].

Pharmacokinetic analysis suggests that the orally administered nanoemulsions had a higher rate of absorption and the concentration of the drug in the brain and plasma was the highest. Formulation: The drug nanoemulsion was prepared by adding 50% of the drug solution (with dehydrated ethanol) to one ml of safflower oil and it was stirred for the oil drug mixture to distribute homogenously and for all the ethanol to evaporate. Deionized distilled water (contains egg phosphatidylcholine) and deoxycholic acid.(40mg) make up the aqueous phase. Both the phases are heated at 70oc separately. The oil phase was slowly added to the aqueous phase and stirred well. The mixture was then sonicated (21% amplitude and 50%duty cycle). The mixture formed (drug containing nanoemulsion) was then filtered and stored at 4oc.Preparation of aqueous suspension was made using 3H Labeled drug and unlabeled drug in ethanol along with Deionized distilled water (contains egg phosphatidylcholine) and deoxycholic acid. The suspension was sonicated in order to lessen the particle size [2]. An example is Saquinavir (anti-HIV inhibitor) showed enhanced oral absorption and increased concentration of drug in the brain when incorporated in a nanoemulsion

In order to substantially increase the oral bioavailability of the prohormones currently on the market, there must be some modifications to the actual structure and system of delivery. There are a couple of ways to do that, but no one has yet bothered:

In gastric fluid the hydrated Sodium Alginate is converted into a porous, insoluble alginic acid skin. After passed into the higher pH medium, the alginic acid is converted to soluble viscous layer. The pH dependent behavior and rapid dissolution of sodium alginate in higher pH range results in release of ketoprofen at pH 6.8. Sodium Alginate can be used as a biological on-off switch with which the release of drugs can be controlled by the external pH change due to its swelling behavior [19, 28].

The solubility data is shown in Table I and it is presented in Figs.1, 2 and 3. The solubility of fenoprofen amongst various oils investigated was found to be highest in oleic acid (198.93±2.91mg/ml) followed by triacetin, labrafil M1944, capryol 90. The solubility of drug was insignificantly different between labrafac lipophil, IPM, and labrafac PG. Amongst surfactants, labrasol showed maximum solubility (129.17±1.4mg/ml) followed by tween 80, and span 20. Propylene glycol showed highest solubility among the cosurfactants (210.5±1.57mg/ml), followed by glycerol, plurol oleique, and lauroglycol 90.

As mentioned in the discussion, olive oil, vegetable oil, crisco, and lard were soluble in nonpolar solvents and insoluble in polar solvents. This is due to the chemical composition of polar and nonpolar substances which results from the molecular shape as well as properties of dissolving solutes in solution. Polar substances are hydrophilic and contain polar Van Der Waals interactions (intermolecular forces) such as dipole-dipole forces, ion-dipole forces, and hydrogen bonding. Nonpolar substances are hydrophobic and contain non-polar Van Der Waals interactions. ‘Like dissolve like’ is the reason only polar solutes dissolve in polar solvents and why nonpolar solutes dissolve in nonpolar solvents. Molecules with similar polarity have similar intermolecular forces and therefore, can interact with each, or in this case dissolve9. Additionally, the solubility of a compound is determined by the length of the hydrocarbon chain. Long hydrocarbon chains such as the one found in oleic acid makes a compound more insoluble10. Therefore, since the lipids used in this experiment were hydrophobic substances and each lipid has long hydrocarbon chains, the results were consistent with the scientific literature and principles.

Lipids are a major source of energy and provide essential lipid nutrients. In many food products the lipid component plays a major role in determining the overall characteristics, such, as flavour, texture, mouthfeel and appearance (Ross & Smith, 2006). However, fats, oils and lipid-based products deteriorate during heat processing, distribution and long term storage. The chemical deterioration is as a result of lipid oxidation. In some chesses, a limited amount of lipid oxidation is desirable for the generation of a characteristic taste or smell (Sun et al., 2011). On the other hand it is undesirable in high lipid or fat containing food products. Lipid oxidation is a major concern to the food industry due to the increasing emphasis on

The liposome is very important as it is the route for which the drug is delivered so things like how it interacts with cell walls is very important. The phase transition temperature of the liposome is very important. This is basically the temperature at which the physical state of a substance changes such as when something solid becomes a liquid. In a liposomal context this means that above blow the phase transition temperature the capsule wall is very rigid and an almost solid gel like state due to being well ordered hydrocarbons which are closely packed. If the temperature increases this is not the case and as it passes the phase transition temperature the phospholipid bilayer becomes a lot more