Essay On Myocardial Viability

In systolic ventricular dysfunction or systolic heart failure the heart is not able to produce enough output for adequate tissue perfusion. Heart rate and stroke volume produce cardiac output. Contractility, preload, and afterload influence the heart’s stroke volume. These factors are important in understanding the pathophysiologic consequences of this syndrome and possible treatments. Patients with systolic heart failure usually have dilated, large ventricles and impaired systolic function.

One of the complications of an acute MI is Left Ventricular Aneurysm (LVA) which is a localized area of myocardium with abnormal outward bulging and deformation during systole and diastole. The epidemiology occurs in 10-30% of patients after an acute MI (American Heart Association 2015). The risk factors include total occlusion of the LAD artery, females and an anterior MI. To prevent this, early revascularization is needed. The LVAs usually range from 1-8 cm.

The physician will order lab tests such as electrolyte panel, creatinine and albumin levels to determine if there are any abnormalities with the liver and kidney functions, a chest x-ray may be performed to determine if the heart is enlarged and an Electrocardiogram to see if the patient has ventricle thickening, abnormal heart rhythm or even a heart attack. Once these tests have been completed the physician may order a MUGA scan or cardiac catheterization to determine the patient ejection fraction or EF, but most common practice is to order an echocardiogram, which is less invasive, to determine the ejection fraction. (Association, American Heart, 2013) Ejection fraction, usually stated as a percentage, determines how well the heart pumps with each beat. A normal heart will pump a little more than half the heart’s blood volume with each beat. Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), measures the amount of blood pumped out of the left ventricle of the heart with each contraction. Right ventricular ejection fraction (RVEF), measures the amount of blood pumped out of the right side of the heart to the lungs for oxygen. A normal EF ranges from 55-77% and will be lower when the heart muscle has been damaged by cardiomyopathy, heart attack or other disease that have weakened the heart muscle. An ejection fraction of 40% usually confirms the diagnosis of heart failure and an ejection fraction of less than 35% puts the patient at risk of life

The goal: To identify the difference in severity of FH for the homozygous and heterozygous genotypes. Also, to learn about statins.

The research team hopes to use the numerical model they have designed to link modifications that take place at the cellular and tissue level when a heart fails to a numerically computed ECG. This, they wish, will assist to determine what it is that triggers ventricular fibrillation (VF), and to recognize the risk of VF.

14. What do your heart block experiment results indicate about the spread of impulses from the atria to the ventricles?

This method demonstrates impaired relaxation and filling because it delivers straight measurement of ventricular diastolic pressure. But, the balance of benefit, harm and cost can debate against its use to diagnose diastolic dysfunction. The other technique which can be used to diagnose diastolic heart failure is Doppler echocardiography. Doppler echocardiography is used to assess cardiac diastolic function, which can confirm the diagnosis of diastolic heart failure. For example, according to the online article, “Diastolic heart failure: challenges of diagnosis and treatment” states “echocardiographic measurement of tau, the time constant of left ventricular pressure decay during isovolunteric relaxation, can be performed to assess left ventricular stiffness.” Doppler echocardiography plays an important role to evaluate the characteristic of diastolic Trans-mitral-value- blood flow. Doppler echocardiography helps to measure the peak velocities of blood flow during early diastolic filling (E wave) and atrial contraction (A wave) and then ratio is calculated. When the heart is working normal, the early filling E-wave velocity is greater than the A-wave velocity and E to A wave ratio is 1.5. But, in diastolic dysfunction, this correlation reverses, because stiffness increases and the relaxation of heart occur slowly and E to A wave ratio decreases to 1.0. Also, as the diastolic

However, in the further with further increasing numbers of SV survivors, we will probably encounter CADs in SV patients. Nevertheless and more importantly, in SV patients who have received or will receive heart transplant an previously had IMAs embolization, IMAs CABG would not be available for them when they develop transplant coronary arterial (allograft) vasculopathy. Transplant coronary arterial (allograft) vasculopathy is of the foremost causes of morbidity and mortality after heart transplantation. Surgical (CABG) and transcatheter revascularization has been reported as a successful and viable treatment options in short as well as midterm follow up [26,27]. Therefore, losing IMAs will deprive those patients from the best graft to treat their

When people think of their heart they just think it’s something that is there to keep them alive, it reacts to emotion when something happens in their life, and how complicated can the heart really be. In reality though, the heart is the most complicated vital organ that we have. It does in fact keep you alive and plays a certain roll when your dealing with emotions, but its purpose is so much more than anyone realizes when it comes to our body. It helps regulate our body and its systems to keep us moving and healthy in our day-to-day lives. So when having to deal with a nuclear cardiac study to test its function and anatomy, it is something that can be just as complex when providing a proper data for diagnosis for your physician. You want to ask yourself three vital questions: What is the best protocol, How do we prove to our physician this is the best one, and what is best for the patient outcome? I am writing about how using the çc-99m Tetrofosmin (Myoview) and the information being provided will cover all these questions. Although some of Myoview's facts have stated some disadvantages, for instance its extraction fraction being fifty four percent and other having a higher outcome. I am writing about the protocol use of a one-day rest and stress study using Technetium-99m Tetrofosmin, because of the many advantages it that it does make for a better choice over the other protocols out there.

The goal of medical management is to minimized myocardial damage, preserve myocardial function, and prevent complications. These goals are achieved by reperfusing the area by emergency use of Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty (PTCA) or thrombolytic medication. Minimizing myocardial damage is also accomplished by reducing myocardial oxygen demand and increasing oxygen supply with medications, oxygen administration, and bed rest.

The complex remodeling in post-infarcted hearts have been shown to give rise to tissue composed of inexcitable scar and partially viable gray zone (GZ). Remodeling within the GZ promotes slowed conduction and block that leads to formation of reentrant circuits; thus implicating GZ as an optimal target for ablation. Advanced imaging techniques have been used to non-invasively identify GZ within the infarct and provide an insight into the complex 3D distribution of the GZ throughout the heart. A full understanding of the role of infarct structure on

One of the major components of the SYNTAX score that enhances its predictive value on the eventual achievement of microvascular perfusion is the patency (or otherwise) of the infarct related artery (IRA). An occluded IRA has been shown to be associated with a worse post-procedural myocardial perfusion (TIMI myocardial perfusion grade of 3” 54.9% versus 18.7%”, p <0.0001). Patency of the IRA often signifies earlier spontaneous reperfusion, which reduces the actual ischemic time. As a result, infarction size is limited, and improvement in the left ventricular ejection fraction is greater in such patients, which is reflected in improved 1-year

As fractional shortening is mainly assessing circumferential fiber shortening, a separate assessment of longitudinal fiber shortening could provide additional information on LV function. The longitudinal fibers are mainly located in the subendocardium and the epicardium. In a normal heart circumferentially oriented fibers predominate over longitudinal fibers, and short-axis shortening exiceeds long-axis shortening. This means that the sphericity of the ventricle normally decreases during contraction as the short-axis diameter decreases more than the long-axis diameter. As longitudinal function might be affected differently from radial/circumferential function due to the different fiber orieintation in the different layers of the myocardium,

Home: Where the Heart Is – An outline and tour of the heart from Franklin Institute.

reports the amount of force exerted by the blood into the arteries during ventricular contraction.