Essay On P-Glycoprotein

Many doctors, physicians, researchers and biotech companies--including the revolutionary Seattle Genetics research facility--are now turning to antibody-assisted cancer treatments and precisely targeted cures instead of treating cancer with a cocktail of chemicals and radiation that generate risky side effects and damage the healthy tissue that patients need to recover. Cancers are among the most frightening and difficult-to-treat illnesses. Ranked as the leading cause of death and disability, cancer is actually an umbrella term that covers many different diseases. Each person faces a unique disease because cancers interact with the body's existing cells, so each case has a

It is no secret that cancer is leading cause of death in the world. It was estimated that in 2012, 14.1 million new cases of cancer occurred worldwide and 8.2 million people died as a result of cancer [1]. Cancer prevalence is increasing at an alarming rate, yet the progress of treatment has been slow, with benefits of treatment being measured in only months or even weeks. Most patients with a specific type of cancer at a certain stage will receive the exact same form of treatment, but it has been made clear that while the treatment works well for some, it does not for a significant amount of others. The treatment that patients receive today is based on

As a double major in biotechnology and biochemistry at Worcester Polytechnic Institute, cancer research fascinates me. There are still so many questions unknowns and many challenges to be solved. It was not until last year, when I discovered my passion for research, that I was able to learn more about myself. For ten weeks, I worked in a pancreatic cancer laboratory at the Mar Institute of Medical

Approximately 1,685,210 new cases of cancer will be diagnosed in the United States (US) in 2016, equivalent to 192 new diagnoses every hour (Siegel, Miller, & Jemal, 2016). Although survival rates of cancer patients have been increasing, it is the second-leading cause of death in the US and leading cause of death in the world (Mayo Clinic Staff, 2015; Davis, 2016). Siegel et al. estimates 595,690 individuals will die from cancer in 2016 in the US.

In America today finding a cure for cancer is a huge priority with clinical trails being a big part in these goal there are some newly developed drugs and technology that are making a huge impact in the cancer world.

I find it astonishing that the human body is able to constantly monitor and repair and fend itself against foreign substances naturally, without any sort of direction. However, if the human body makes a singular error, and many faulty cells begin to continuously multiply, the body cannot mend itself, and cancer begins to form. Though modern science has created multiple different treatments for cancer, I want to be part of the complex puzzle in concocting a universal cure for all

Oncotarget publishes under a Creative Commons Attribution License, where the researcher's contribution to cancer research is recognized by redistribution, reuse and frequent frequent citations of his or her paper worldwide. Free, unrestricted access to papers published on Oncotarget allows for global dissemination of exceptional discoveries, providing valuable cancer research information to any individual interested in oncology. Authors also receive additional exposure through Oncotarget's Facebook page, which includes the latest featured cover article and interviews with authors. Links to the latest issues of the journal are also on Oncotarget's LinkedIn page.

Cancer is the cause of death in one out of four people in the United States.{Cronin, 2014 #124;Ward, 2014 #128} The mortality rate has been almost constant in spite of all new discoveries to cure cancer in the past few decades{Cronin, 2014 #124}. This shows that several contributing factors play major roles. The practice of clinical oncology focuses on the diversity on cancer cells.

Globally, cancer is one of the leading causes of death (Fitzmaurice et al., 2015; WHO, 2012). It is continue to consider as a pandemic disease, take into account it's increasingly prevalence rate worldwide (Jacox, Daniel & Payne, 1994; American Cancer Society, 2015).

Cancer is very complex and different throughout every person. Throughout the years there has been advancements in science and technology toward a more personalized approach, trying to understand the causes and treatments best for each patient’s cancer. Through the launch of Precision Medicine Initiative researchers, doctors, pharmaceutical companies, government agencies and more will come together in the efforts of introducing personalized medicine.

Cancer has been a disease since the dawn of man and even since that moment, we as humans have strived to understand its’ lethality and discover ways to combat it. This proves to be a more difficult task than it seems. Cancer, by definition, is the uncontrolled division of abnormal cells in the body [1]. These divisions can spread into the surrounding tissues as well and cause damage to the regions they locate to. Many of these divisions can lead to solid growths in the body. The growths are usually referred to as tumors [1]. These tumors are masses of tissue that group together.

In February, the Cancer Treatment Centers of America announced a collaborative alliance with NantHealth called Clinical Pathways. The unifying program of will help erase trial and error research, by providing oncology professionals with up to date information and awareness of all progressive advances in cancer research.

to target and destroy cancer cells has been a form of cancer treatment for over one-hundred

There are plenty of drugs that are targeting P-glycoprotein (p-gp), which is typically located in intestinal epithelial cells where drugs absorption occurring. The p-gp controls in and out of most of foreign substrates from the blood stream. It contributes to balancing out the concentration of drugs in the blood vain through reuptake process, especially efflux pump in this case. Therefore, this protein has been called as multidrug resistance because it is able to excrete the drugs into the lumen. Accordingly, the p-gp inhibitor has an important role for the drug bioavailability and transportation. As the p-gp inhibitor works in the vivo, the reuptake of drug will be decreasing which means decreasing the

Cancerous cells tend to mutate, grow, and divide without any particular order, and can spread unpredictably through the body via the blood stream. Most cancers start off as a single cell that undergoes an irregular mutation that alters the cells normal levels of melanin, cell membrane structure, and division speed. The cancerous cell then undergoes unprecedented division, and eventually creates a malignant abscess of tissue that overwhelms the population of healthy cells. Eventually, individual clumps of cells can break away from the parent group of cells and spread across the entire body. Although cancerous cells usually do not directly harm other cells in the body, they can block other cells ability to circulate their waste and absorb nutrients, ultimately leading to cellular starvation and death. Ever since cancer first became evident in society around 1600 B.C., humanity has striven to combat this seemingly incorrigible disease, creating procedures ranging from bloodletting to urbane chemotherapies. Although we undoubtedly improved our ability to identify and treat cancer, scientists have never had the chance to track the specific patterns it has spread in until now.