Essay On Papillomavirus

We made a comprehensive literature search that included the Cochrane Register of Diagnostic Test Accuracy Studies; the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (The Cochrane Library), MEDLINE (through PubMed), and EMBASE (last search 6 January 2011). Selected journals likely to contain relevant papers were handsearched from 1992 to 2010 (December). We also searched CERVIX, the bibliographic database of the Unit of Cancer Epidemiology at the Scientific Institute of Public Health (Brussels, Belgium) which contains more than 20,000 references on cervical cancer.More recent searches, up to December 2012, targeted reports on the accuracy of triage of ASCUS or LSIL with other HPV DNA assays, or HPV RNA assays and other molecular markers. These searches will be used for new Cochrane reviews as well as for updates of the current review.

What is the Human Papillomavirus? Commonly known as HPV, it is an infection that spreads through sexual contact. There are over one hundred different types of HPV; several types cause genital warts, while other high risk strands can lead to cancer of the cervix, anus, vagina, and penis. Because HPV is often asymptomatic, many people are unaware of their infection status, and thus, their potential for transmitting the virus to a sexual partner. The significance of the Human Papillomavirus is that fifty percent of Americans who are sexually active will contract it within their lives, and at any given point there are twenty million Americans already infected with it (“By the numbers: HPV Vaccine”).

These possible increases of HPV throughout the United States and the rest of the world can be attributed to many

One of the most difficult situation APN’s face is delivering a diagnosis which is life threatening. Being diagnosed with cancer can be a devastating experience for both the family and the patient, especially when there are preventable measure that could’ve been done. Cervical cancer in women is largely a preventable disease which impacts women’s health and mortality. One of the leading causes for cervical cancer is the Human Papilloma Virus (HPV), an infection with a working vaccine already in use.

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and Hepatitis C (HCV) are blood borne diseases transmitted through coming in direct contact with an infected person 's blood. Canadians who are intravenous drug users (IDUs) have a higher than normal risk for coming into contact with both diseases.

I have chosen this paper since one of my goals during the Integrated Practicum was to gain knowledge about cancer prevention and management in the community settings. I believe that this article might increase my understanding about the usage of HPV Vaccines in prevention of various types of cancer.

In today’s society individuals can be affected by a number of different viruses and infections. A virus is defined as “various numbers of submicroscopic parasites that can infect any animal, plant, or bacteria and often lead to very serious or even deadly diseases”. One of the most widespread viruses alive today is the Human Papillomavirus commonly known as HPV. HPV can be spread during any kind of sexual encounter even without penetration; it is most frequently spread by skin-to-skin contact during sexual activity with the penis, scrotum, vagina, vulva, or anus of the infected individual. There are more than a 100 different types of HPV viruses, which can be considered

Human papillomaviruses (HPV) are a group of more than 40 types of viruses that infect the genital areas, throats (recurrent respiratory papillomatosis), and mouths of males and females and is the number one most common sexually transmitted disease (Center for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2009). It is spread by genital contact. It is most easily spread by vaginal and anal sex, but also through oral sex and even just genital-to-genital (skin-to-skin). In 90% of people that contract HPV, their own immune system

To effectively handle HPV at a clinical level, nurses must be aware of the pre-pathogenesis, pathogenesis, and preventative nursing measures related to the virus. The pre-pathological phase encompasses the susceptibility stage and the subclinical stage. During the susceptibility stage, one does not have the disease nor has been exposed to it. However, there are many ways one can become exposed to the virus. With humans as the only host for this virus, the mode of transmission for HPV is “skin-skin contact, sexual activity, and prolonged exposure to contaminated clothing.” (MSDS, 2010) Therefore, coming in contact with those infected with the virus can cause a transmission of the virus to another human. Although HPV infections are common worldwide, there are different regions and populations with a higher rate of the disease therefore increasing the likelihood of susceptibility. These include those of developing countries, minority populations within the US, and adolescents. Just because there are no symptoms present, this does not

The Human Papilloma Virus, in short terms known as HPV, is a sexually transmitted infection that can potentially lead to cervical cancer and genital warts. All cases of HPV do not cause cervical cancer, only certain strains. Yet, the rising number of deaths from cervical cancer actually caused by HPV has undeniably caught the attention of the public. In response to the cervical cancer death rate, pharmaceutical companies have developed an HPV vaccine. The vaccine was considered a major medicinal breakthrough for some, but raised a number of concerns for others. Although the safety along with the effectiveness of the vaccine has been proven, it continues to originate controversy as both advocates and opponents assess their views of whether

Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) remains the most commonly sexually transmitted infection in both males and females. (Giuliano et al., 1999).

Hepatitis is inflammation of the liver. There are currently five known viruses that cause can hepatitis (Microbiology, 10e). The hepatitis C virus (HCV) is transmitted through contact with the blood of an infected person; however, it is now more commonly spread among IV drug users that share needles. Healthcare workers are also at risk for contracting HCV, but with standard precautions, the risk is low. “Prior to 1992, some people acquired the HCV infection from transfusions of blood or blood products. Since 1992, all blood products have been screened for HCV, and cases of HCV due to blood transfusion now are extremely rare. HCV can be passed from mother to unborn child. Approximately 4 out of every 100 infants born to HCV-positive mothers

Today, the incidence of obtaining this virus by receiving a blood transfusion is approximately 1 in 200,000 units of blood donors. In essence, the likelihood of contacting HCV from blood transfusion has been minuscule since 1992. The reason that this small risk still exists is that when a person initially becomes infected with HCV for a short period of time, known as the window period, the HCV antibody is not detectable in the blood. If this person donates blood during the window period, her blood will carry HCV, but it will not be detectable. Dr..Palmer recommends anyone who received a blood transfusion prior to 1992 be tested for HCV.

Human papillomavirus or HPV is one of the most common viruses that are transmitted through sexual activity. A virus is sometimes referred to an obligate intracellular parasite, which cannot multiply outside of a living cell. Transmission can occur through hand to hand contact, exposure to contaminated blood, and shared objects. Typical exposure is achieved through skin-to-skin contact during intercourse. HPV can pass from person to person with no signs or symptoms. Development of symptoms can occur years after initial infection. Many cases of HPV can clear up on their own. If a reoccurring case of HPV is left untreated, then a papilloma

In this distinction part of the assignment, I will be analysing and explaining why each of these individual blood products are screened, the method of how they’re screened and why.