Essay On Patch Antenna

Air defense artillery (ADA) units date back to the dawn of this country's history when the colonists erected fortifications and emplaced artillery pieces to defend against attack from the sea. Little did they know, this new innovative way of combat would evolve and change the front lines forever. Through World War II, the Korean War, and Vietnam, air defense artillery units served as an indispensable part of the armed forces of the United States. It gave the Army a tactical advantage and allowed ground troops to move more efficiently, by protecting them from above. The Air Defense Artillery branch of the US Army specializes in anti-aircraft weapons. In the Army, these groups are composed of many air defense systems such as the Patriot Missile System, Terminal High Altitude Area Defense (THAAD), and the Avenger Air Defense system.

This antenna is designed on FR-4 substrate. It has dielectric constant 4.4 and thickness 1.6 mm. copper material is used for ground plane and patch. We provided microstrip line feeding to this antenna.

The slot is fed by microstrip line because it is easy to etch on the substrate and to seek impedance

In my project, I have designed and simulated microstrip patch antenna at operating frequency 2.4GHz using HFSS software .It has Substrate (FR4) having dielectric constants of 4.4.I have designed single patch antenna without DGS, 2x1 array antenna and 4x1 array antenna without DGS ,4x1 array antenna with DGS (Dumbbell shaped , Double Circular shaped, E-shaped) and analyze the results. I analyze that I god improved results in 4x1 array antenna configuration with E-shaped DGS structure in terms of Voltage Standing Wave Ratio of 1.12, Return loss of -22.12 dB, Bandwidth of 404 MHz, Gain of 7 dB etc.

As shown from table.1, if the resonator gap between two parallel couple microstrips transmission lines is small then the

In this project a printed dipole antenna is being designed. Printed dipole antennas are of use, when an electronic circuit is implemented on a printed circuit board (PCB) and is in need of a simple and low cost compact antenna. These antennas has a fairly isotropic pattern, which makes it a good transmitter as well as receiver for portable devices, in this paper they have modified a US patent design owned by Motorola. The original design was for a portable pager device operating in the 900 MHz band. For this design the dipole with their design equations are discussed, but as suggested by the patent , it was slightly remodelled and adopted to the 400 MHz band. The antenna was built

Abstract - In this paper, a ground station for receiving images from NOAA weather satellites designed with the help of the cheapest SDR option Real Tech Software Defined Radio (RTL SDR), combined with an easy Homemade Quadrifilar Helix QFH antenna, . The software component of the station is built with GNU Radio, an open source tool with a rich set of signal processing features, Gpredict, a satellites tracker and Wxtoimg, a free weather satellite decoding program which can decode the APT signal

Keywords— CST Microwave Studio, circular array antenna, frequency, microstrip, permittivity, substrate thicknesses, copper thickness, RT/ Duroid 5880 result

In this paper, the copper and flexible printed graphene with highly conductive are used as patches antennas for wideband applications. The copper antenna has been designed to operate for a dual band from 2.65 to 3.2 GHz and from 4.59 to 5.34 GHz, with maximum gain 2 and 3.37, dBi for first and second respectively. But the flexible graphene patch mounted on an elastic substrate introduces more wide impedance bandwidths, from 2.6 to 3.2 GHz and from 4.84 to 7 GHz with maximum gain 1.04 and 1.33 dBi for first and second respectively. The copper structure has been fabricated and measured. The return loss, VSWR, radiation pattern and the gain of the structures are investigated. All the simulated results are analyzed, it is concluded that graphene

By using the advantages of the microstrip patch antenna and L-probe feeding technique, hexagonal patch is etched on a square microstrip antenna to achieve broad bandwidth and improved gain. In this Project, MSA is designed with dual substrates, one for L-probe & other for radiating patch.

The patch antenna plays a very important role in today’s world of wireless communication systems .There is always a large demand for high performance ,small size and low cost wireless communication systems .in order to get these requirements ,planar patch antenna is preferred because of their various advantages such as light weight ,low volume ,low cost and ease for fabrication .although the microstrip patch antenna has various advantages it has various disadvantages which are low gain ,narrow bandwidth and low efficiency .These disadvantages can be overcome by constructing many patch antennas in array configuration. Recently there has been increasing demand in the use of DGSs for performance enhancement of microstrip patch antennas and planar array antennas .there are basically two types of structures which are used for the design of compact and high performance wireless communication systems named as defected ground structures (DGS) and electromagnetic band-gap structures (EBG) which is also known as photonic band-gap structure(PBG). These structures have been used to obtain the functions such as unwanted frequency rejection and circuit size reduction. Recently defected ground structures have been introduced; DGSs are realized by simply etching off simple shape (called as defect) from the ground plane .Depending upon the shape and the dimensions of the defects ,the current distribution in the ground plane is disturbed and resulting in a controlled

In order to eliminate or minimize problems caused by multipath wave propagation, a new technology has been introduced and it is Smart Antenna Technology. There are three forms of smart antenna, known as SIMO (single input, multiple output), MISO (multiple input, single output), and MIMO (multiple input, multiple output).

Antenna is the main component of every communication system. The design of UWB antennas is one of the major factors affecting the progress of UWB technology. As a result, UWB antenna design has been studied much in recent years. UWB antennas must be electrically small and inexpensive without compromising on performance. Omni directional radiation pattern is desired in order to be well suited for ad hoc networks with arbitrary azimuthally orientations. Gain flaterns and phase linearity, i.e., constant group delay, are also required for an UWB antenna in order to not distort the waveform of an ultra narrow-on the order of nanoseconds-electromagnetic energy pulse. In addition, the time domain impulse response is another important criterion of UWB antenna performance. The antenna must transmit UWB signal with minimal dispersion effect. In this thesis all the antennas have been simulated in ANSOFT HFSS-13. This chapter contains the final design of antennas, the parasitic study of antenna in term of impedance band width. The peak gain, radiation efficiency, peak directivity has been calculated in whole operating band and radiation pattern at some frequencies has been studied. The time domain analysis also has been done in this chapter. The total design of antenna include the two parts- first is the designing on the software and second one is hardware part where the testing of the antenna is done on the Vector Network Analyzer (VNA).

Recently there has been increasing demand in the use of Defected Ground Structure for performance improvement of Micro strip patch antenna and array antenna. There are basically two important type of structures used in designing of high

UWB antenna are used in a wide frequency range in on-air and ground telecommunication systems [1, 2]. RF and Microwave energy harvesting techniques, UWB antenna design is attracted by Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) and Galileo satellite navigation systems [3, 4]. Micro strip patch antenna has various applications in UWB due to its important behavior. Design and analysis of a model of square-shaped wideband monopole antenna is proposed in the Reference [5]. Recently, flat monopoles are proposed and used for wideband schemes [6-9] but their radiation patternis not wholly directional due to