Researchers described the convinced differences that autistic have in cognitive functioning as lacking central coherence (Happe,1999), inflexibility of thought (Frith,1989), or lacking in an ability to acknowledge (or imagine) of others’ mentality (Baron-Cohen, 1995). It was also found that children diagnosed with ASD implying restricted possibilities in social communication, and repetitive and obsessive behaviors (APA, 2013; De Bildt et al., 2010).
Thus, autistic children are described as inhabiting in a world which is different with ours. Indeed, for those with autism, their very different way experiencing the world and having their being is beyond description (Jan Osborne, 2010). A writer with autism, Donna Williams, described her
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Teachers need to have a clear idea of what constitutes good standards in art, and to have high expectations of their pupils; these should be communicated by direct instruction, through discussion and through the display of art in school. (Clement et al., 1998, p. 4)
Rather than placing much emphasis on skill acquisition or direct instruction, art therapy focuses more on emotions and empathetic communication, and it was proved that art therapy applied to children with autism in special education have a positive effect on their social behavior and their focus of attention (Pioch,2010).
The applicability of Art education
Piotrowski (1996) studied that the development of autistic children’s spatial awareness and hand as well as eye co-ordination can be dramatically improved by painting practice. Creativity, aesthetic appreciation, spirituality, and ordering or making sense qualities that engagement in art can facilitate are underlined by much of the literature relating to the arts. Piotrowski (1996) noted that some people thought art is suitable for children with special needs, just holding the thought of art being non-academic subject. The contention stated that art therapy is of benefit to children with autism will be explained from two aspects, the teacher and the children with autism. For the teacher The opportunity created by art can establish the common ground
Autism is a developmental disorder, which is characterized by a dyad of difficulties in a) communication and social interaction and b) restricted interests and imagination (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). Individuals on the Autism Spectrum might find it challenging to understand what other people think or what the reasons for their behaviours are, as their ‘theory of mind’ may not be well developed (Schuwerk, Vuori & Sodian, 2015). It is possible that this is why they might behave in socially inappropriate ways, being unable to differentiate between different contexts, while they might also find it difficult to make friends. Moreover, it is likely that they are fond of routines, repetition and structure (Carnahan, Musti-Rao, & Bailey, 2009), as they might be nervous with unknown, new situations. In addition, some of them might not do eye contact with other people, whereas some others might not endure to be touched and might have a difficulty developing speech (Jordan, 2005). Individuals on the Autism Spectrum might sometimes be prohibited to initiate conversations and might struggle with finding different ways to play and behave, due to the possible deficit of imagination, which in some cases might result in them having a narrow sphere of interests. Nevertheless, it should be noted that this group of people is rather heterogeneous, as characteristics of autism may differ from one individual to another (Gwynette, 2013). Another point is that people with Autism
The article “Book Tackles Old Debate: Role of Art in Schools” by Robin Pogrebin explains the influence of art and the conclusion of two researchers, Ellen Winner and Lois Hetland. “Students who study the arts seriously are taught to see better, to envision, to persist, to be playful and learn from mistakes, to make critical judgements and justify such judgements,” conclude both researchers.
In a setting with someone with autism spectrum disorder, music therapists make use of music as an educational tool to encourage learning. One of the purposes of music therapy for someone with autism is to provide the student with an initial assistance using melodious and rhythmic strategies, followed by fading of musical cues to assist in simplification and transfer to other learning environments. Music therapy has been proven to decrease symptoms of children with autism, and could even facilitate motivation and social interaction. Even autistic children, who rarely or never speak, can respond to music; sometimes they may even sing along. Music therapy provides a tool that can link the gap between a non-communicative child and one who can
Many of us have heard of the neurological disorder called autism, and have a general sense of what the term "autism" means and all of the typical behaviors that belong in its category. Yet, I must question how many of us out there who do take an interest in autism really understand how having this disorder can totally distort one's perception of what one experiences in the world. A person with autism senses things differently than we normally do, and also responds to them in other ways – what we would call "abnormal behaviors". Why is this so? According to scientists, MRI research studies have shown that the brains of autistic individuals have particular abnormalities in the cerebellum,
To begin with, education and engagement in fine art programs are an essential part within the school curriculum because subjects such as mathematics, science, and language arts all require cognitive and creative capacities which are enhanced with the process of learning art. For instance, in the article, Critical Evidence: How the Arts Benefits Student Achievement, it states that “researchers
Autism is a form of neurodevelopment disorder in the autism spectrum disorders. It is characterized by impaired development in social interactions and communication, both verbal and non-verbal. There is an observed lack of spontaneous acts of communication; both receptive and expressed, as well as speech impairments. A person diagnosed with Autism will also show a limited range of activities and interests, as well as forming and maintain peer relationships. The individuals will display limited interests, which are often very focused and repetitive. He or she is likely to be very routine oriented and may show behavioral symptoms such as hyperactivity, impulsivity, aggressiveness, and self-injurious behaviors.
Autism is a developmental disability that affects all areas of behavior and perception. Approximately 10 out of every 10,000 children are diagnosed with autism and four out of five are males. Autism is the third most common developmental disability, more common than Down Syndrome. Children with Autism are characterized by impairment in several areas of development such as: Cognitive, Language, Play/Socialization skills and exhibit many challenging behaviors. Behavior Patterns of Autism:
Social/Communicative Deficits b. Restricted, repetitive behaviors, interests or activities (RRB) c. Qualitative impairment in behavior d. Both A & B ASR • The primary DSM-IV-TR diagnostic difference between autism and Asperger’s disorder is: a. Social interaction b. Language development c. Stereotyped behaviors d. Age of onset ASR • The DSM-IV-TR classifies autism related conditions as members of a group of: a. Pervasive development disorders b. Childhood Disintegrative Disorders c.
Autism is a very complex, neurobehavioral disorder that includes impairments in social interaction and communication and development skills. It usually occurs during the first three years of life. The disorder has a large range of symptoms and levels of impairment. It can severely change the way someone lives. People with autism show little interest in other people and lack social awareness. It is troubling for them to communicate express themselves, and understand what other people think and feel. In the United States only, more than 500,000 people have been diagnosed with autism. Autistic children may have repetitive body movements such as rocking, pacing, or flapping their hands. The disorder prevents children from forming relationships
Through the use of music children with autism are able to express themselves better in these social situations. Children with autism are found to not be as engaged with others in social situations as other children. Children with autism are found to have impairment in their communication skills when they want to express themselves in a social situation (Gattino, dos Santos Riesgo, Longo, Leite, & Faccini, 2011). A study done by Kim, Wigram, and Gold found that music therapy promotes social skills, motivational and emotional development in children with
Art ‘n Autism is a non-profit organization is Tuscaloosa, Alabama that focuses on children or adults with autism to help promote social skills and well as an interactive learning environment. While at Art ‘n Autism, has numerous classes and activities that the students rotate through during the week and each day. These activities include: art, music, yoga, social skills, play time, and snack. The kids are dropped off in the afternoon by their caregivers and spend three hours switching activities with children in their chronological and developmental ages.
Children With Autism Children with autism have the possibility to improve greatly, and some even overcome the effects of autism if appropriate therapies are begun early enough. A multifaceted disorder, autism has long baffled professionals and parents alike. At a point in time, doctors gave parents absolutely no hope for the recovery of their children. But recently, new treatments and therapies have shown that improvement is possible. With early intervention, intensive care, some children have if not fully recovered, improved, and have been integrated into schools, indistinguishable from their peers.
Autism. A simple word with so much meaning and mystery behind it. Autism is so much more than developmental disorder it’s a normal way of life for 1% of the United States population. Autism is a developmental disorder that impairs the ability to communicate or interact. The disorder begins to show itself when children are around 2-3 years old. Children who have this disorder can have symptoms such as troubling talking/delayed speech, sensory issues, little to no social interaction and repetition of words/actions. The range of severity for the disorder can vary. For the past week I have been reading articles about people who suffer from this disorder. One person's story has affected me understanding of the disorder.Stephen Wiltshire is a 44 year old man who has Autism however instead of letting the disorder impact his life he uses it to create brilliant works of art. By reading about Stephen and seeing how he overcomes his struggles my outlook on life has changed.
Autistic infants often show little or no interest in other people and lack typical social behaviors. For example, they may not smile at their mother's voice or make eye contact with caregivers. Autistic children fail to develop normal relationships with their parents, brothers or sisters, and other children. Often they seem unaware of the needs and feelings of other people, and may not respond if another person is hurt or in distress. They also fail to make friends.
suffered from autism had a ‘puzzling’ condition. The image the Society decided to use to represent Autism was a puzzle piece with a weeping child on it. The weeping child represented how children with autism suffer from this condition. Our understanding and use of language of developmental disabilities has come a long way since the 1960’s. For example, the label “autistic” in the past was not commonly accepted by the majority of people. Children who were diagnosed with autism were said to have child schizophrenia and thought to be psychotic (Muzikar).