Essay On Plasma Wave Acceleration

- I think that the electrons that are emitted from the cathode are emitted with a range of velocities (perhaps like a Boltzmann distribution where average speed clusters in the middle of the range).

“The particles in the pulse travel from one place to another.” This sentence is wrong about the propagation of a pulse because particles do not travel in a pulse. They just stay in one place moving up and down and interact with each other. Because the particles are moving, energy are transferred through the medium from one place to another.

The purpose of this article was to report the findings after testing quantized inertia on the EmDrive. The authors predicted that the thrust produced by the EmDrive can be explained assuming that the inertial mass of the photons is caused by unruh radiation. Multiple experiments took place in several independent labs, and produced results that were similar to the predicted values for thrust. The computations of the results did not sufficiently model wave oscillations in 3D, thus the authors recommend further testing in order to produce more accurate findings.

DRA centre behaves like magnetic current flowing parallel to its length and as a result excites the magnetic fields in the DRA body causing broadside radiation pattern in the far field [13-

The 1958 Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to Pavel Alekseyevich Cherenkov, Ilya Frank and Igor Tamm for the discovery and the interpretation of the Cherenkov Effect. Cherenkov radiation is the electromagnetic radiation emitted by particles moving through a medium faster than the speed of light in the same medium. It was fist a detected by Soviet scientist Pavel Alekseyevich Cherenkov, of who the effect is named after and a theory was later developed by Ilya Frank and Igor Tamm. Cherenkov’s contributions still live on as an invaluable tool in today's nuclear and subatomic particle physics with examples that include a way to detect and quantify the characteristics of subatomic particles to analyzing high energy cosmic signals from the deepest regions of space. More down to earth uses consist of safety procedures for nuclear reactors and the detection of low concentration biomolecules in the sick and elderly.

“This variation has a design of a smaller breach that fired a cartridge of 76.2x585R, allowing a breach that will automatically open after the firing of each cartridge” (Ordnance, T. O, 1920). This was an innovative concept that allows the firing of multiple rounds at a greater rate to help with the adjustment needed when firing at an aircraft traveling at a high velocity, attitude, and altitude. “The muzzle velocity of this weapon firing a 15-pound shell, with either shrapnel or explosive charge, is 2,400 feet per second” (Ordnance, T.O, 1920). The maximum

The faster arrival of the reflections after the injection of LNAPL is a natural consequence

2. How do the individual particles move compared to the motion of the pulse? Watch a green particle.

Robert Golka was a research scientist working on ball lightning since the late 1960s.““He [Tesla] was ‘way ahead of anything we have today in the equipment he built,” Golka says.” (page 344-345). The U.S. government has been talking about making a family of particle beam weapons for war. “And to the end of his days, Tesla the pacifist hoped that such knowledge would be used not for war among Earthlings, but for interplanetary communication with our neighbors in space, of whose existence he felt certain.” (page

The electron beam system would be powered by a set of induction coils trapping energy from the plasma exhaust stream. 250 pellets would be detonated per second, and the resulting plasma would be directed by a magnetic nozzle. The computed burn-up fraction for the fusion fuels was 0.175 and 0.133 producing exhaust velocities of 10,600 km/s and 9,210 km/s respectively. Due to scarcity of helium-3 on Earth, it was to be mined from the atmosphere of Jupiter by large hot-air balloon supported robotic factories over a 20-year period, or a more abundant source like the

Since the electrons are stripped from the atoms in a plasma, all that remains is the positively charged nucleus, which can be acted on by magnetic fields. In magnetic confinement reactors, so-called magnetic bottles are created with magnetic fields that confine the plasma. In experiments, however, plasmas can only be contained for a few seconds before their oscilations cause them to come into contact with the walls of the reactor. The biggest problem in controlling plasmas with magnetic confinement is their chaotic behaivior. With continuing research, longer containment times are being recorded.

Though the guns used in commercially played laser tags have lasers they are not used in actual mechanism of the game, they actually use infrared to register hits. Infrared has its own cool properties such as it gets scattered in very short

There are over 30,000 accelerators around the world, and they use the designs above. (Witman, 2015) Electrostatic Accelerators were the first particle accelerators ever made. These designs use circle paths to accelerate the particles expect the linear accelerator. The circle paths are used because they will take up

Hertz discovered that ultraviolet light discharged certain electrically charged metallic plates, a phenomenon that could not be explained by Maxwell’s Wave Theory. In order to explain this phenomenon termed the

causing it to give off photons. The principle is the same as it was with